Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41866709›Full record

ReviewDrug delivery2026

Extracellular payload release from non-internalizing antibody-drug conjugates: mechanisms and linker technologies.

Chenxi Feng, Rui Lou, Shipeng Chen, Furong Lin, Jiaqi Ge, Yuwen Zhang, Chaolong Lin, Chenghao Huang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Drug delivery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Chenxi FengState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
Rui LouState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
Shipeng ChenState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
Furong LinState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
Jiaqi GeState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
Yuwen ZhangState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
Chaolong LinState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
Chenghao HuangState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) have taken on a significant role in precision oncology. These molecules, referred to as 'biological missiles', can deliver cytotoxic drugs directly to cancer cells. Traditional ADCs rely on endocytosis and intracellular release of payloads, but this approach becomes complicated due to issues like antigen loss, tumor heterogeneity, and impaired endocytosis, leading to therapeutic resistance. To address these challenges, noninternalizing ADCs have been developed, utilizing extracellular payload release methods. These structures employ advanced linker technologies to ensure stability in vivo and selective activation in the tumor microenvironment, achieving effective cytotoxic diffusion among tumor cells through the 'bystander effect'. This review discusses the evolution from early linker designs to complex methods based on tumor-specific conditions or external triggers. It also examines the categories of noninternalizing ADC linkers and the latest developments in clinical research, exploring prospects for enhancing the efficacy and safety of ADCs in oncology applications.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsImmunoconjugatesNeoplasmsAnimalsDrug Delivery SystemsDrug LiberationEndocytosisHumansTumor MicroenvironmentAntineoplastic AgentsImmunoconjugatesAntibody–drug conjugatesbystander effectlinker technologiesnoninternalizingpayload release

Identifiers

PMID41866709
PMCPMC13011097

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.