ArticleMolecular vision2025
Vitreous from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy induced changes in neutrophil activation markers.
Article in Molecular vision, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a microangiopathic complication of diabetes mellitus, is a leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults and older individuals. While the etiology of DR is not fully understood, it is strongly linked to systemic and local inflammation. Systemic immune-inflammation indices, such as the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, are useful predictors of diabetes mellitus-related diseases and inflammatory complications. In addition to systemic markers, local inflammatory molecules and immune cells, particularly neutrophils and their associated inflammatory mechanisms, play crucial roles in DR pathogenesis. Cumulative evidence indicates a concentration of inflammatory mediators in the vitreous humor, making its analysis a valuable tool for investigating retinal complications. This study aimed to identify differential cytokine expression in the vitreous humor of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and to determine the impact of these vitreous samples on neutrophil activation. Methods: Vitreous samples were collected during vitrectomy from patients with DME (n = 8), patients with PDR (n = 15), and surrogate controls (n = 8; rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, n = 5; macular hole, n = 3). Undiluted vitreous samples from the central vitreous cavity were analyzed individually via an angiogenic cytokine protein array at a concentration of 250 mg/ml of vitreous proteins. Cytokine levels were normalized to those of surrogate controls, and fold changes were calculated. For in vitro neutrophil stimulation, peripheral blood was incubated with diluted vitreous from different conditions, and neutrophil activation markers (CD15, CD11b, and CD66b) were assessed via flow cytometry. Results: The study revealed increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio values in patients with PDR and DME compared with controls ( Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of inflammation and its components in the pathophysiology and progression of DR and suggests that CCL2, CXCL5, and angiogenin are potential therapeutic targets for PDR. Our results also suggest that vitreous fluid from patients with PDR contains immunosuppressive or exhaustion-inducing factors that may alter neutrophil function and inflammation in DR.
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Identifiers
41867378PMC13002344What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.