Evidence mapPaperPMID 41867641Full record

ReviewSovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine2026

Cerebral Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: the Role of Neuroglia and Associated Factors (Review).

A E Khrulev, O M Chernova, V N Grigoryeva, N A Shiianova, N S Khruleva, I V Mukhina

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

A E KhrulevMD, DSc, Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Nervous Diseases; Acting Head of the Department of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Narcology; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia.
O M ChernovaStudent; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia.
V N GrigoryevaMD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Nervous Diseases; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia.
N A ShiianovaResident, Department of Nervous Diseases; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia.
N S KhrulevaMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Hospital Therapy named after V.G. Vogralic; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia.
I V MukhinaDSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Normal Physiology; Head of the Scientific Research Institute of Applied and Fundamental Medicine; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), which often requires maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), represents a model of accelerated aging. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying cerebral neurodegeneration (CND) and cognitive impairment (CI) in patients undergoing MHD is of particular importance. Brain damage in patients with end-stage CKD is considered a multicomponent process associated with the impact of cerebrovascular, neurodegenerative, and numerous dysmetabolic factors. Special attention is given to CND mechanisms mediated by the activation of microglia and astrocytes. The high prevalence of CI in the general population and especially among patients with end-stage CKD undergoing MHD determines the need to clarify CND risk factors and biomarkers. Furthermore, it is essential to explore therapeutic targets, as well as modifiable modern strategies and technologies aimed at slowing the CND progression. This review synthesizes data on the role of neuroglia and associated factors in the development of CND and CI in MHD patients. It presents the mechanisms and factors affecting neuroglia and involved in the pathogenesis of CND and CI. Particular focus is placed on chronic systemic inflammation, the effects of uremic toxins, and the activation of the cerebral renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The article studies such chronic systemic inflammatory factors associated with neuroglia as protein S100B, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and fibrinogen. Experimental and clinical data investigating the impact of uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate, p-cresol sulfate, and imidazole propionate) on microglia and astrocytes, as well as the activation of the cerebral renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, are analyzed. Potential further clinical research fields aimed at slowing the CND and CI progression in this patient population are highlighted.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionKidney Failure, ChronicNeurodegenerative DiseasesNeurogliaRenal DialysisHumansbrain renin-angiotensin-aldosteron systemchronic systemic inflammationcognitive impairmenthemodialysisneurodegenerationneurogliaRAASuremic toxins

Identifiers

PMID41867641
PMCPMC13003590

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.