Evidence mapPaperPMID 41867679Full record

ReviewFrontiers in nutrition2026

Beyond breastfeeding: a One Health Decalogue for nurturing the infant microbiota.

Valentina Biagioli, Mariarosaria Matera, Ilaria Cavecchia, Mariateresa Illiceto, Laura Pennazzi, Gaia Luongo, Sebastian Lugli, Pasquale Striano

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Valentina BiagioliDepartment of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Mariarosaria MateraMicrobiota International Clinical Society, Turin, Italy.
Ilaria CavecchiaMicrobiota International Clinical Society, Turin, Italy.
Mariateresa IllicetoDepartment of Pediatrics-Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Santo Spirito Hospital, Pescara, Italy.
Laura PennazziMicrobiota International Clinical Society, Turin, Italy.
Gaia LuongoI.P.S.I.A. Attilio Odero - State Professional Technical Institute, Genoa, Italy.
Sebastian LugliMicrobiota International Clinical Society, Turin, Italy.
Pasquale StrianoDepartment of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Early-life nutrition is a key determinant of infant gut microbiota development, immune maturation, and long-term health outcomes. Although breastfeeding is widely recognized as the optimal feeding strategy, many mothers are unable to breastfeed, underscoring the need for practical, evidence-based guidance to support infant health beyond breastfeeding. A One Health approach enables the integration of nutritional, microbial, clinical, environmental, and socio-cultural factors that influence maternal-infant dyads. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing more on works published from 2020 to 2026. Evidence was synthesized on maternal and infant nutrition, breast milk bioactive components, infant formula feeding, gut microbiota development, and short- and long-term health outcomes in non-breastfed infants. Based on this interdisciplinary evidence, a translational "One Health Decalogue" was developed for mothers who are unable to breastfeed. Findings: The reviewed literature highlights that infant nutrition, particularly in the absence of breastfeeding, significantly influences gut microbiota composition, immune programming, metabolic regulation, and neurodevelopment. Key modifiable factors include formula composition, feeding practices, maternal health status, environmental exposures, caregiver education, and psychosocial support. The proposed One Health Decalogue synthesizes these elements into 10 actionable principles aimed at supporting microbial resilience, promoting healthy development, and reducing health inequalities when breastfeeding is not possible. Conclusion: Translating scientific evidence into practical tools is essential to support infants who cannot be breastfed. The One Health Decalogue presented in this review provides a comprehensive, interdisciplinary, and translational framework for healthcare professionals, families, and public health policies, fostering informed nutritional choices and holistic strategies to optimize infant health beyond breastfeeding.

Indexed as

breastfeedingcomplementary feedingearly-life microbiomeenvironmental exposuresmicrobiota

Identifiers

PMID41867679
PMCPMC13001117

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.