Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41868437›Full record

ArticleAmerican heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice2026

Beyond the 30-day metric: National trends and predictors of 90-day readmission after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Usman Ahmed, Mahad Sohail, Huma Syed Hussain, Juan Valencia, Adil Al-Karim Manji, Kamal Khabbaz, Maximilian S Schaefer, Feroze Mahmood, Aidan Sharkey, Robina Matyal

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Article in American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Usman AhmedDepartment of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Mahad SohailDepartment of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Huma Syed HussainDepartment of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Juan ValenciaDepartment of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Adil Al-Karim ManjiDepartment of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Kamal KhabbazDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Maximilian S SchaeferDepartment of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Feroze MahmoodDepartment of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Aidan SharkeyDepartment of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Robina MatyalDepartment of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Study objective: Evaluate the national burden, predictors, and causes of 90-day readmission following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and to examine temporal trends and demographic disparities in readmission risk. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: United States hospitals participating in the Nationwide Readmissions Database. Participants: Adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing isolated CABG between 2016 and 2022 were identified using ICD-10 codes. Patients who died during the index hospitalization, underwent concomitant valve surgery were excluded. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was all-cause 90-day readmission. Secondary outcomes included 30-day readmission, in-hospital complications, and causes of 90-day readmission. Results: Among 681,833 patients undergoing isolated CABG, 111,024 (16.3%) were readmitted within 90 days; notably, 36% occurred between 31 and 90 days after discharge. Heart failure was the leading cause of readmission (13.6%), followed by infection (6.7%), coronary artery disease-related diagnoses (6.7%), and atrial fibrillation (4.1%). Readmitted patients had higher rates of perioperative complications, including acute renal failure (28% vs 17%), respiratory failure (26% vs 17%), pneumonia (7% vs 3%), and transfusion (18% vs 12%). Independent predictors included female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.38), age ≥ 85 years (aOR 1.27), congestive heart failure (aOR 1.46), diabetes with complications (aOR 1.38), peripheral vascular disease (aOR 1.39), chronic kidney disease (aOR 1.30), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aOR 1.34). Risk-adjusted readmission rates remained consistently higher among women across all age groups, with age-related patterns differing by sex. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that reliance on 30-day metrics may underestimate postoperative morbidity and highlight opportunities for extended post-discharge surveillance and complication prevention.

Indexed as

Coronary artery bypass graftingPostoperative complicationsReadmissionSex differencesSocioeconomic status

Identifiers

PMID41868437
PMCPMC13000483

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.