Evidence mapPaperPMID 41868992Full record

ArticleAdvanced biomedical research2026

Weekly Heart Rate Variability and Training Zone Analysis in U-15 Soccer Players: The Predictive Value of Combined Warm-up Protocols for Optimizing Cardiovascular Monitoring.

Hamzeh Zarei, Khosro Jalali Dehkordi, Farzaneh Taghian, Filipe Manuel Clemente

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Article in Advanced biomedical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Hamzeh ZareiDepartment of Sport Physiology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Khosro Jalali DehkordiDepartment of Sport Physiology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Farzaneh TaghianDepartment of Sport Physiology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Filipe Manuel ClementeDepartment of Biomechanics, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Warm-up protocols play a crucial role in optimizing athletic performance and cardiovascular readiness in youth soccer players. This study aimed to compare the effects of six warm-up strategies on heart rate (HR) parameters and exertion levels in under-15 (U-15) soccer athletes. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two male participants were randomly (concealed participant allocation) assigned to six groups: Dynamic Warm-up (DWU), Analytical Warm-up (AWU), Analytical + Dynamic Warm-up (ADWU), Small-Sided Games Warm-up (SSGWU), Integrated Warm-up (IWU), and Small-Sided Games + Integrated Warm-up (SIWU). This randomized parallel study lasted 8 weeks, with pre- and post-tests measuring resting HR, maximal HR (MHR), average HR (AHR), RR intervals, HR variability (HRV), session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), and HR zone distributions. Results: Significant improvements ( Conclusions: These findings highlight the differential impact of warm-up protocols on cardiovascular outcomes and perceived exertion. Integrated and small-sided games warm-ups showed superior benefits, suggesting their incorporation into youth soccer training could optimize physiological preparedness and performance.

Indexed as

Exercise physiologyHRVMHRRHRtraining zoneswarm-up protocolsyouth soccer

Identifiers

PMID41868992
PMCPMC13004313

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.