Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41869498›Full record

ReviewClinical pharmacology : advances and applications2026

Hybrid Hydrogels in Pain Management Application: A Comprehensive Review.

Yusra Soorya, Bushirat A Abubakar, Zack Karzoun, William Brandt, Omar Viswanath, Brian E Bernhardt, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D Kaye

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yusra SooryaSchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
Bushirat A AbubakarSchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
Zack KarzounSchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
William BrandtDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
Omar ViswanathDepartment of Anesthesiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Brian E BernhardtDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
Sahar ShekoohiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-4545-4523
Alan D KayeDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hydrogels are widely used in clinical medicine for drug delivery and tissue repair; however, they exhibit limited mechanical strength, suboptimal degradation profiles, and variable biocompatibility. In order to address inherent shortcomings in conventional hydrogels, hybrid hydrogels were engineered by incorporating nanoparticles, bioactive materials, and polymer networks. This review explores the use of hybrid hydrogels in pain management, specifically emphasizing their localized and sustained drug delivery, their modulation of inflammation, and their regenerative effects on tissue. Hybrid hydrogels allow for targeted delivery of analgesics, NSAIDs, and biologics to localized tissues therefore reducing systemic exposure and toxicity. Their tunable release makes them responsive to physiological cues like body pH, temperature, and enzymatic activity which makes them tailored to the environment they are in. In addition to their multifunctional pharmacological application, hybrid hydrogels exhibit regenerative properties that can be used to repair tissues in a safe and effective manner. Despite the advantages of hybrid hydrogels, there are limitations in their biodegradation variability, potential cytotoxicity, and reproducibility for regulation into clinical use. Current and continued research is needed to optimize hybrid hydrogel formulations to address these limitations while maintaining the many benefits they provide. In conclusion, hybrid hydrogels are a promising medium for pain management by integrating advantageous aspects of conventional hydrogels while incorporating localized drug delivery, anti-inflammatory therapy, and regenerative capabilities, however, further research is needed to validate its adoption into clinical use.

Indexed as

analgesicshybrid hydrogelspain managementregenerative medicine

Identifiers

PMID41869498
PMCPMC13004123

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.