Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41870812›Full record

ArticleCellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)2026

Targeting senescence-like tumor-associated macrophages sensitizes chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer.

Hongxu Zhou, Chengzhao Xu, Jiabeini Zhang, Yangxuzhu Liu, Xiaochuan Gao, Ziqi He, Yuheng Wu, Qian Zhao, Baoling Liang, Dong Song

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Hongxu ZhouDepartments of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
Chengzhao XuDepartments of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
Jiabeini ZhangDepartments of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
Yangxuzhu LiuThe Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130000, China.
Xiaochuan GaoDepartments of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
Ziqi HeDepartments of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
Yuheng WuDepartments of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
Qian ZhaoDepartments of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
Baoling LiangDepartments of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
Dong SongDepartments of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China. songdong@jlu.edu.cn.

Funding

Jilin Provincial Health Technology Capacity Enhancement Project 2023JC001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) frequently develops chemoresistance through poorly understood stromal interactions. This study aimed to elucidate the mediating role of chemotherapy-induced senescence-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in this process, including the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

methodsOrthotopic TNBC models were employed to investigate doxorubicin (Adriamycin, ADM))-induced senescence-like phenotypes in TAMs. The senolytic agent ABT263 combined with IL-6 signaling blockade was administered in vivo to evaluate the restoration of chemosensitivity. Additionally, multiplexed immunofluorescence analysis was conducted on clinical TNBC specimens to assess the correlation between TAMs exhibiting senescence-like phenotypes and clinical outcomes.

resultsADM chemotherapy induces a TAM senescence-like phenotype, marked by p16/p21 upregulation and acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Senescence-like TAMs exhibited pronounced IL-6 secretion, which activated the IL-6R/STAT3 axis in TNBC cells to drive the expression of drug-resistance genes and stemness markers. Depletion of senescence-like cells with the senolytic agent ABT263 or blockade of IL-6 signaling restored chemosensitivity in vivo, substantially enhancing ADM efficacy. Crucially, multiplexed immunofluorescence of clinical TNBC specimens revealed that senescence-like TAMs accumulate in chemotherapy-treated tumors and correlate with progressive disease (PD) rather than the therapeutic response (CR/PR).

conclusionThis study identifies chemotherapy-induced senescence-like TAMs as a key druggable driver of TNBC chemoresistance and highlights senolysis and IL-6 inhibition as strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsCellular SenescenceTriple Negative Breast NeoplasmsTumor-Associated MacrophagesAniline CompoundsAnimalsCell Line, TumorDoxorubicinDrug Resistance, NeoplasmFemaleHumansInterleukin-6Mice, NudeSignal TransductionSTAT3 Transcription FactorSulfonamidesAniline CompoundsAntineoplastic AgentsDoxorubicinInterleukin-6navitoclaxSTAT3 Transcription FactorSulfonamidesCellular senescenceDrug resistanceSASPTriple-negative breast cancerTumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID41870812
PMCPMC13009420

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.