ArticleCureus2026
Selenoprotein P as a Biomarker for Microvascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study in South India.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health concern, with microvascular complications, neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy contributing substantially to morbidity. Selenoprotein P (SeP), a selenium-transporting antioxidant protein, has been implicated in metabolic dysregulation. This study examined the prevalence of microvascular complications in T2DM and explored their association with circulating SeP levels in a tertiary care center in South India. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Vinayaka Mission's Medical College, Karaikal (2022-2025), enrolling 80 adults with T2DM aged ≥40 years. Neuropathy was assessed using the 10 g monofilament test, retinopathy by fundus examination, and nephropathy by urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). Serum SeP was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Analyses used SPSS version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) with Pearson or Spearman correlation and independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate. Results Among 80 participants (53.8% women; mean age: 58.84 ± 9.79 years), neuropathy was present in 45% (n = 36), retinopathy in 31.3% (n = 25), and nephropathy in 31.3% (n = 25). The mean SeP was 4.11 ± 1.47 µg/mL and tended to be higher with retinopathy (non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy {NPDR}: 4.52 ± 1.74; proliferative diabetic retinopathy {PDR}: 4.89 ± 1.26) than without (3.98 ± 1.34 µg/mL). Group differences were not statistically significant (retinopathy, p = 0.180; nephropathy, p = 0.187; and neuropathy, p = 0.120). Conclusion Microvascular complications are common in this T2DM cohort. Although not significant, higher SeP levels appeared to parallel retinopathy severity, supporting the further evaluation of SeP as a potential biomarker in larger or longitudinal studies.
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