Trial reportBioMed research international2026
Effectiveness of the Combined Exercise and Cognitive Training System in Enhancing Frontal Lobe Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Control Study.
Trial report in BioMed research international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Effectiveness of the Combined Exercise and Cognitive Training System in Enhancing Frontal Lobe Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Control Study.BioMed research international · 2026Trial
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimThis study was aimed at comparing the effects of a driving-related combined exercise and cognitive training system intervention on frontal lobe function in older adults with an active control group that performed aerobic exercises.
methodsIn this randomized controlled trial, 90 community-dwelling older adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to the intervention (n = 45) or control groups (n = 45). The intervention group participated in a combined exercise-cognitive multitask training program for six consecutive weeks, whereas the active control group performed matched-intensity aerobic exercises during the same period. Cognitive function was assessed using the Trail Making Test Parts A and B (TMT-A and B) and the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Changes in the hemodynamics of the frontopolar cortex (FPC) during the task were measured using portable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Assessments were conducted at baseline, postintervention, and follow-up time points.
resultsThe final analysis included 44 and 40 participants in the intervention and control groups, respectively. TMT-A and B results and FAB scores showed no significant differences between the groups at any time point. Similarly, fNIRS analysis showed no significant differences in hemodynamic reactivity in the FPC between the intervention and active control groups.
conclusionsThis study demonstrated that the multitask training system did not confer additional benefits beyond aerobic exercise under a low-intensity, short-duration protocol in older adults, with no significant improvements in cognitive performance or frontopolar hemodynamic reactivity. Future studies should incorporate extended intervention periods and evaluate outcomes in diverse demographic populations to establish the additional advantages of driving behavior-related multitask training compared with aerobic exercises.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.