Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41874137›Full record

ArticleJournal of eye movement research2026

Visual Attention in Real Classrooms: A Study with Eye-Tracking in Urban and Rural Schools of Chile.

Marco Villalta-Paucar, Jéssica Verónica Rebolledo-Etchepare

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of eye movement research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Marco Villalta-PaucarEscuela de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile.ORCID 0000-0002-7553-925X
Jéssica Verónica Rebolledo-EtchepareEscuela de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile.ORCID 0000-0002-6135-6575

Funding

Universidad de Santiago de Chile AYUDANTE_DICYT project, Code: 032556VP, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Innovación y Creación.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Student gaze behavior has been scarcely studied in real Latin American primary school classrooms. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between primary students' eye behavior and cognitive development in urban and rural contexts. A quantitative method was employed, including 126 primary school students aged 6 to 8 years old, from urban and rural schools in Chile. Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM) measured cognitive development, and students' eye behavior was recorded during a real class using eye-tracking glasses. Eye behavior was analyzed in six areas of interest: (1) Own material (2) teacher, (3) teacher's material, (4) peer, (5) peer's material, and (6) non-interactional gaze. The results indicate that the CPM scale demonstrates adequate reliability (α = 0.89). In addition, no significant differences, nor relationship between eye behavior and cognitive development, were found by sex; however, significant differences were found by environment (urban versus rural). The regression analysis is significant (F(7, 102) = 6.173,

Indexed as

classroomcognitive developmenteye-trackingprimary educationruralurbanvisual attention

Identifiers

PMID41874137
PMCPMC13010663

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.