SynthesisJournal of medical Internet research2026
Determinants and Health Outcomes of Digital Health Literacy in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of medical Internet research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Latent profile and associated factors of digital health literacy among patients with coronary heart disease: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Association between social capital, eHealth literacy, and digital health literacy among undergraduate students in China: a multigroup analysis based on gender differences.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWith expansion of technology-enabled care, digital health literacy (DHL) has become integral to effective cardiovascular disease (CVD) management. However, quantitative evidence regarding determinants and health outcomes of DHL in CVD remains limited and heterogeneous, necessitating comprehensive evidence synthesis.
objectiveThis study aimed to (1) estimate DHL levels, (2) synthesize DHL-associated factors, and (3) examine DHL-related health outcomes in CVD.
methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of DHL in adults with CVD was conducted per PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for peer-reviewed studies published between 2006 and January 31, 2026. Quantitative studies enrolling adults with CVD, which reported a measure of DHL were included. Studies focusing exclusively on primary cerebrovascular disease and non-peer-reviewed articles were excluded. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies tool, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for Randomized Trials, and the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Pooled mean eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) scores were synthesized using a random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I
resultsTwenty studies involving 8581 adults with CVD were included. The overall pooled mean eHEALS score was 24.26 (95% CI 21.19-27.32), with substantial heterogeneity (I
conclusionsOur findings underscore DHL as a foundational capability for digitally supported self-management in CVD care and reveal disparities associated with age and socioeconomic factors. By integrating evidence on DHL levels, associated factors, and DHL-related health outcomes in CVD populations, this review provides a more comprehensive, clinically relevant understanding of DHL beyond studies relying on a single instrument (eg, eHEALS) or examining isolated domains. DHL appears to be a context-dependent competency shaped by broader structural and social determinants. From a clinical and health system perspective, digital health interventions should be accompanied by structured digital inclusion strategies, including routine assessment of DHL and care delivery to patients' digital capacities. Further longitudinal and interventional studies are warranted to clarify the causal pathways linking DHL to health outcomes in adults with CVD and to incorporate provider- and system-level perspectives beyond individual-level assessments.
trial registrationPROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD420251068000; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251068000.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.