Evidence mapPaperPMID 41874699Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2026

Association of apolipoprotein A1 (rs 5069) genotyping with 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance as a metabolic and genetic difference in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Nagla Usama, Amr E Ahmed, Salma Mekheimer, Khaled Elhadidy, Mohamed Awadein, Mahmoud Farid

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Article in European journal of nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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6 authors.

Nagla UsamaMedical Laboratory Technology department, Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt. nagla.usama@must.edu.eg.
Amr E AhmedBiotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Salma MekheimerMedical Laboratory Technology department, Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt.
Khaled ElhadidyInternal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Mohamed AwadeinInternal Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt.
Mahmoud FaridInternal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundObesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are significant issues for public health, frequently occurring together with vitamin D deficiency and metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether the APOA1 single nucleotide polymorphism rs5069 is associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) deficiency and insulin-resistance–related traits in Egyptian adults.

methodsIn this cross-sectional study, 350 Egyptian adults (age 35–55 years) were grouped as: (1) obese non-diabetic (n = 100), (2) obese with T2DM (n = 100), (3) non-obese with T2DM (BMI < 30, n = 50), and (4) controls (BMI < 30 and 25[OH]D ≥ 20 ng/mL, n = 100). We measured BMI, 25(OH)D, FBS, HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and lipid profile. APOA1 rs5069 genotypes were determined by TaqMan assays. Group comparisons, Pearson correlation, and multivariate logistic regression (three models with incremental adjustments) were performed.

resultsVitamin D deficiency (25[OH]D < 20 ng/mL) was common in obese and diabetic groups (p < 0.001). Obese participants with T2DM had the worst metabolic profile (higher FBS, HbA1c, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR; dyslipidemia). The AA genotype and A allele of rs5069 were more frequent in obesity and T2DM than controls (genotype p = 0.005–0.011; allele p = 0.002–0.005). In obese groups, higher 25(OH)D levels were independently associated with lower odds of carrying GA and AA genotypes versus GG after adjustment for glycemic and lipid variables (models 2 and 3). No significant genotype–vitamin D association was observed in non-obese T2DM.

conclusionAPOA1 rs5069 (AA genotype) is associated with obesity and T2DM in this Egyptian cohort. Higher 25(OH)D was associated with reduced odds of GA/AA genotypes in obese participants, suggesting an interaction between vitamin D status and APOA1-related genetic susceptibility. Further longitudinal and mechanistic studies are needed.

Indexed as

Apolipoprotein A-IDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Insulin ResistanceObesityPolymorphism, Single NucleotideVitamin DVitamin D DeficiencyAdultBody Mass IndexCross-Sectional StudiesEgyptFemaleGenotypeHumansMaleMiddle Aged25-hydroxyvitamin DAPOA1 protein, humanApolipoprotein A-IVitamin D25(OH) vitamin DAPOA1 rs5069Genetic associationObesityType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41874699
PMCPMC13013381

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.