ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2026
Association of apolipoprotein A1 (rs 5069) genotyping with 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance as a metabolic and genetic difference in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundObesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are significant issues for public health, frequently occurring together with vitamin D deficiency and metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether the APOA1 single nucleotide polymorphism rs5069 is associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) deficiency and insulin-resistance–related traits in Egyptian adults.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, 350 Egyptian adults (age 35–55 years) were grouped as: (1) obese non-diabetic (n = 100), (2) obese with T2DM (n = 100), (3) non-obese with T2DM (BMI < 30, n = 50), and (4) controls (BMI < 30 and 25[OH]D ≥ 20 ng/mL, n = 100). We measured BMI, 25(OH)D, FBS, HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and lipid profile. APOA1 rs5069 genotypes were determined by TaqMan assays. Group comparisons, Pearson correlation, and multivariate logistic regression (three models with incremental adjustments) were performed.
resultsVitamin D deficiency (25[OH]D < 20 ng/mL) was common in obese and diabetic groups (p < 0.001). Obese participants with T2DM had the worst metabolic profile (higher FBS, HbA1c, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR; dyslipidemia). The AA genotype and A allele of rs5069 were more frequent in obesity and T2DM than controls (genotype p = 0.005–0.011; allele p = 0.002–0.005). In obese groups, higher 25(OH)D levels were independently associated with lower odds of carrying GA and AA genotypes versus GG after adjustment for glycemic and lipid variables (models 2 and 3). No significant genotype–vitamin D association was observed in non-obese T2DM.
conclusionAPOA1 rs5069 (AA genotype) is associated with obesity and T2DM in this Egyptian cohort. Higher 25(OH)D was associated with reduced odds of GA/AA genotypes in obese participants, suggesting an interaction between vitamin D status and APOA1-related genetic susceptibility. Further longitudinal and mechanistic studies are needed.
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