Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41876554›Full record

ArticleNPJ vaccines2026

A new mRNA antigen vaccine induces potent B and T cell responses and in vivo protection against SARS-CoV-2.

Jing Wen, Jaesu Moon, Luca Tucciarone, Te-Hsuan Bu, Amanda Y Sun, Robyn Miller, Julia Timis, Lujing Wu, Davey M Smith, Sujan Shresta and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Jing Wen *Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Jaesu Moon *Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Luca TucciaroneDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Te-Hsuan BuDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Amanda Y SunDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Robyn MillerCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Julia TimisCenter for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Lujing WuDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Davey M SmithDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Sujan ShrestaDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Kyle J GaultonDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Tariq M RanaDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. trana@ucsd.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine provides effective protection against viral infection and severe disease by inducing efficient adaptive immunity. However, vaccine efficacy is decreased against emerging variants, and immune memory is relatively short-lived. Here, we added new T cell epitopes to the RBD (receptor-binding domain) mRNA vaccine and identified a SARS-CoV-2 membrane epitope that significantly improved vaccine-induced immunity and protection in vivo. That new vaccine, designated G1-C, induced 8.2-fold higher levels of RBD-specific antibodies than did RBD and enhanced spike-specific T cell and B cell responses. Remarkably, the G1-C modulated hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation and increased levels of B and NK cells by regulating multiple signaling pathways in bone marrow potentially via Fos, Klf4, and Klf6 transcription factors. Altogether, these findings identify a new vaccine candidate to control viral infection by affecting the lymphoid-myeloid lineage bias and suggest the potential role of T cell epitopes in vaccine design and development.

Identifiers

PMID41876554
PMCPMC13172340

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.