Evidence mapPaperPMID 41877352Full record

ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Use of Oral Semaglutide and Associated Clinical Outcomes in Thai Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Real-World Evidence From the REALISED Study.

Taweesak Wannachalee, Pimjai Anthanont, Supamas Sirisreetreerux, Gurudutt Nayak, Woralak Chumchujan, Yodying Iamsudjai, Supawan Buranapin

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Taweesak WannachaleeDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Pimjai AnthanontEndocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
Supamas SirisreetreeruxDepartment of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand.
Gurudutt NayakNovo Nordisk Pharma Thailand Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand.
Woralak ChumchujanNovo Nordisk Pharma Thailand Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand.
Yodying IamsudjaiNovo Nordisk Pharma Thailand Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand.
Supawan BuranapinSection of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2205-8900

Funding

Chiang Mai UniversityNovo Nordisk
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsThe REALISED study assessed the clinical outcomes associated with oral semaglutide use in Thai patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in real-world clinical settings. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis retrospective, multi-centre cohort study included 195 patients with T2D initiating oral semaglutide between April 2022 and December 2023. Eligible participants had no prior injectable therapy and completed at least 26 weeks of treatment. The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c from baseline to the end-of-study (EoS, Week 26); Week 52 outcomes were exploratory. Secondary endpoints included changes in body weight and the proportion achieving HbA1c < 7%. Severe hypoglycaemia was the safety endpoint. A post hoc composite endpoint combined HbA1c < 7% with ≥ 3% weight loss. Analyses used a mixed model for repeated measures and descriptive statistics.

resultsOral semaglutide was predominantly used as add-on therapy (190/195 [97.4%]). Mean HbA1c decreased by -0.7% (95% CI: -0.9 to -0.5; p < 0.0001), and the mean body weight decreased by -4.3 kg (95% CI: -5.5 to -3.2; p < 0.0001). At the EoS, 75.9% (117/154) achieved an HbA1c < 7%, and 57.7% (71/123) met the composite endpoint. No severe hypoglycaemia occurred. Dose escalation from 3 mg to 14 mg was observed in 53.2% by Week 26 and 70.4% by Week 52.

conclusionsThe REALISED study provides the first real-world evidence of the use of oral semaglutide in Thai patients with T2D, demonstrating significant improvements in glycaemic control and weight reduction across routine care settings.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like PeptidesHypoglycemic AgentsAdministration, OralAgedBlood GlucoseFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemiaMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesSemaglutideThailandTreatment OutcomeBlood GlucoseGlucagon-Like PeptidesGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsSemaglutideGLP‐1glycaemic controlreal‐world evidencesemaglutidetype 2 diabetesweight control

Identifiers

PMID41877352
PMCPMC13146152

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.