ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
The association between family history of hypertension and diabetic kidney disease in patients with diabetes: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The contribution of a family history of hypertension (HH) to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) pathogenesis remains unclear. Investigating this association is crucial for refining risk stratification and enabling early intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study examined whether a HH is associated with higher odds of DKD among individuals with T2D. Methods: Participants with T2D were grouped according to the presence or absence of a family history of hypertension. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to mitigate potential confounding factors from baseline clinical features across the comparative groups. To evaluate robustness against confounding and missingness, we applied multivariable logistic regression and E-value analysis and then performed PSM on the dataset after multiple imputation. Results: The final analytical data comprised 1,612 individuals fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for T2D, comprising 1,419 without HH and 193 with HH. After PSM, 386 patients (193 patients per group) were included. PSM analysis yielded an odds ratio (OR) of 2.57 (95% CI: 1.48-4.46, Discussion: In this cross-sectional study, a history of familial hypertension was significantly associated with higher odds of DKD in individuals with T2D. Given the cross-sectional design, causality and temporal direction cannot be established; prospective studies are needed to determine whether familial hypertension contributes to DKD development and progression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.