The gut microbiota remodes amino acid and lipid metabolism in incomplete revascularization of CHD with phlegm-dampness syndrome: an integrated multiomics and network pharmacology study.

Background: Incomplete revascularization of coronary heart disease (IR-CHD) is a novel category of CHD that has developed; such patients often have persistent angina of unknown etiology, which seriously affects quality of life and prognosis and urgently needs in-depth study. Methods: Taking IR-CHD patients with PD Syndrome, non-PD (NPD) Syndrome, and healthy individuals as research subjects, through the integration of microbiomics and metabolomics studies of clinical samples and the network pharmacology research strategy of three classic TCM formulae, we systematically explored the biological basis of TCM Syndrome differentiation for PD Syndromes of IR-CHD. Results: IR-CHD patients with PD Syndrome demonstrated a unique metabolic profile and gut microbiota structure characterized by an increase in branched-chain amino acid metabolism and a decrease in glycerophospholipid metabolism, and 6 Syndrome-specific differential metabolites (DMs) were identified. Additionally, combined analysis of the gut microbiota and metabolites revealed that differential gut microbiota (DGMs), including Conclusion: IR-CHD patients with PD TCM Syndrome have amino acid and lipid metabolic disorders and that the gut microbiota plays an important role in their metabolic regulation. This study also provides an evidence-based strategy for exploring the biological basis of TCM Syndrome differentiation, which is helpful for the translation of TCM theory into precision medicine practice.