Evidence mapPaperPMID 41878256Full record

ReviewDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2026

Effect of Exercise Based on American College of Sports Medicine Recommendations on Glycemic Management in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Rui Cheng, Yangyang Qi, Yuyan He, Xiaotong Liu, Xiaoxu Fu, Fenghua Zhang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Rui Cheng *School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0009-0005-2910-1360
Yangyang Qi *School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0009-0003-0945-464X
Yuyan HeSchool of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0009-0002-3998-760X
Xiaotong LiuClinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0009-0000-2805-0788
Xiaoxu FuTCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Fenghua ZhangSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exercise is a crucial lifestyle management strategy for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) to improve overall health, yet its benefits for glycemic control remain controversial. Although clinical trials have designed various exercise regimens, no studies have systematically demonstrated or compared which exercise program yields optimal outcomes for individuals with T1DM. To visually compare and identify a more reasonable exercise program, we used the comprehensive exercise prescription established by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) as a foundation to compare the impact of glycemic management about exercise doses with different compliance to ACSM recommendations. We systematically searched for studies from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and OVID. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of exercise on glycemic management published between January 2000 and July 11, 2025 were included. The quality of the study was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. Subgroup analyses were performed by categorizing the interventions into high adherence versus low/uncertainty adherence to the exercise prescription developed by ACSM. To compare the results between subgroups, weighted mean difference (WMD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) were adopted, using random or fixed effects models accordingly. Fourteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, with 452 participants. Of which, 7 studies were categorized as high adherence with ACSM and 7 studies were categorized as low or uncertain adherence. Results showed exercise had significant effect on reducing Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) (WMD = -0.52; 95% CI = [-0.74, -0.29]). The WMD for the high adherence group was -0.74 (95% CI: -1.04, -0.44), while for the low or uncertain adherence group was -0.21 (95% CI: [-0.56, 0.13]). Exercise programs with high adherence to the ACSM resulted in a markedly greater reduction in HbA1c compared to those with low adherence (p = 0.02). Data on triglyceride levels also showed greater improvements in the high adherence group. These findings collectively indicated that the ACSM prescription serves as an effective exercise guideline for individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Indexed as

ACSM recommendationsblood glucoseexercise doseHbA1ctype 1 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41878256
PMCPMC13006343

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.