SynthesisWound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society
Immunomodulatory Tissue-Engineering Strategies for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Management: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
The aim of this systematic review is to systematically compile evidence from the past 5 years on bioengineering and regenerative medicine approaches targeting the DFU immune microenvironment and to evaluate these findings from a translational perspective to inform clinical applications. This systematic review, conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, summarised evidence from 34 studies published between 2020 and 2025 on immunomodulatory tissue-engineering strategies for DFU management. Most studies used STZ-induced or db/db diabetic mouse models; only two included human data. Across natural polymer hydrogels, electrospun nanofibers, microneedles, and hybrid antimicrobial dressings, a consistent mechanistic theme emerged: promotion of macrophage polarisation from pro-inflammatory M1 to pro-regenerative M2. Cytokine delivery, exosome-based therapies, ROS-targeted nanozymes, metabolic reprogramming, and electrical or microcurrent stimulation resolved chronic inflammation, enhanced angiogenesis, and accelerated wound closure. Key signalling pathways (JAK/STAT, NF-κB, HMGB1-RAGE, HIF-1α) represent promising molecular targets. Despite encouraging preclinical outcomes, heterogeneity and limited human studies underscore the need for well-powered, long-term clinical trials and biomarker-driven personalised immunomodulatory strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.