ArticleJournal of the American College of Cardiology2026
Global Hypertension 2000 to 2020: Trends, Disparities, and Progress in Awareness, Treatment, and Control.
Article in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Too much, too soon? The argument against initial combination therapy in stage I hypertension.Journal of human hypertension · 2026Review
- Update from the National Hypertension Taskforce of Australia: prevalence, treatment and control rates of hypertension between 2022 and 2024 - implications and future directions.Journal of hypertension · 2026Article
- The Time to "Advance" Is Now: Pushing the Envelope, Shaping the Future.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- The SGLT2i "canagliflozin" and the DPP-4i "sitagliptin" mitigate hypertensive nephropathy in adult male rats by modulating the Ang II/RAGE/Nox4/NLRP3 cascade.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Hypertension prevalence, detection, treatment and control among 1.4 million adults in England: a cross-sectional analysis from the Our Future Health study in 2022-2025.BMJ public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHypertension is the leading preventable risk factor for premature death worldwide. Accurate estimates of prevalence and control are critical for developing public health priorities.
objectiveThis study sought to examine global variations in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control by world economic region and compare secular changes from 2000 to 2020.
methodsA systematic search of MEDLINE from January 1995 to November 2024 was supplemented with manual searches of article references. Population-based cross-sectional surveys reporting age- and sex-specific hypertension prevalence and using standardized blood pressure measurement methods were included. Sex- and age-specific prevalence by country was applied to population counts to calculate the number with hypertension regionally and worldwide. Country-specific percentages of awareness, treatment, and control were applied to numbers of adults with hypertension to obtain regional and global estimates. Hypertension was defined as mean systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or use of antihypertensive medication.
resultsWe included 287 studies conducted in 6,060,567 adults from 119 countries. In 2020, 33.0% (95% CI: 32.5%-33.5%), or 1.71 (95% CI: 1.65-1.77) billion, of the world's adults had hypertension: 30.1% (95% CI: 29.4%-30.9%), or 395 (95% CI: 394-396) million, in high-income countries and 33.4% (95% CI: 32.8%-33.9%), or 1.32 (95% CI: 1.26-1.38) billion, in low- and middle-income countries. From 2000 to 2020, age-standardized prevalence decreased by 2.7% and absolute burden increased by 76 million in high-income countries compared with increases of 5.8% in prevalence and 651 million in absolute burden in low- and middle-income countries. From 2000 to 2020 in high-income countries, awareness increased from 57.7% to 69.2%, treatment from 42.9% to 66.3%, and control from 16.4% to 40.2%. More modest increases were observed in low- and middle-income countries: awareness from 29.1% to 46.1%, treatment from 20.7% to 30.8%, and control from 6.4% to 13.6%.
conclusionsThe burden of hypertension is increasing, as are disparities between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries. Urgent efforts are needed to address hypertension worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.