Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41884015›Full record

ArticleNew microbes and new infections2026

The emergence of pan-drug-resistant

Amirhossein Fayyazi, Zohreh Ghalavand, Mehdi Goudarzi, Javad Yasbolaghi Sharahi, Ali Hashemi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in New microbes and new infections, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Amirhossein FayyaziDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Zohreh GhalavandDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mehdi GoudarziDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Javad Yasbolaghi SharahiDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ali HashemiDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Methods: From April 2023 to January 2025, 364 non-duplicate Results: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high resistance to fluoroquinolones (65.9%) and carbapenems (47.2%), while colistin remained most effective (95.6% susceptibility). Among the isolates, 41% were MDR, 25% XDR, and 4.4% PDR. Phenotypic assays showed that 73.8% of carbapenem-resistant isolates produced metallo-β-lactamase (MBL), and 85.2% were biofilm producers, with a significant association between biofilm formation and MDR phenotype (p < 0.05). Efflux pump activity, detected in 28.9% of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, was prominent in all PDR strains. Genotypic analysis identified Conclusion: This study underscores the critical convergence of multiple resistance mechanisms (enzymatic degradation, efflux overexpression, porin loss, and biofilm formation) driving the emergence of PDR

Indexed as

Antimicrobial resistanceBiofilm formationEfflux pumpsExtended-spectrum beta-lactamasesMetallo-beta-lactamaseMultilocus sequence typingPseudomonas aeruginosa

Identifiers

PMID41884015
PMCPMC13011047

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.