ReviewWorld journal of nephrology2026
Gut-kidney axis: Dysbiosis and renal disease.
Review in World journal of nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
According United States renal data system the morbidity rate for chronic kidney disease (CKD) is 2.5 times than patients not affected by CKD and the mortality rate is 144.9 per 1000 persons-years. The gut microbiota is involved in uremic toxins (UTs) production. This fact was demonstrated by experiments in rats, which revealed better survival in CKD rats that were deprived of the gut microbiota. In men, UT levels are low in CKD patients without a colon. Diet may affect the gut microbiota through food additives such as prebiotics, probiotics and post biotics. Conservation processes and food processing may also affect the gut microbiota. Other factors are food quantity and composition. The gut microbiota may be the cause of UTs production and accumulation in the blood. Additionally, there is interplay among different organs such as liver, kidney and gut. Several theories have been formulated to justify the interplay between the metabolic dysfunctions. In particular, the increase of species such as
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