ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2026
Translational Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of the VISA-A Questionnaire for Arabic-Speaking Patients With Achilles Tendinopathy.
Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Achilles tendinopathy is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition that limits activity and performance. The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire is the gold-standard patient-reported outcome measure for symptom severity, but no comprehensive Arabic validation has been available. Purpose: To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the VISA-A into Arabic (VISA-A-Arabic) and to examine its psychometric properties in a broad population. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The VISA-A was translated and culturally adapted following international guidelines. A total of 139 participants were recruited: 60 healthy participants, 47 healthy at-risk participants, and 32 patients with Achilles tendinopathy. All participants completed the VISA-A-Arabic and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) at baseline; the VISA-A-Arabic was re-administered after 1 to 3 days. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, measurement error, and known-group validity were evaluated. Results: The VISA-A-Arabic demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.73 [95% CI, 0.65-0.80]) at baseline and good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.76 [95% CI, 0.68-0.83]). Construct validity was confirmed by a strong correlation with the SF-36 Physical Component Summary ( Conclusion: Our study showed that the VISA-A-Arabic is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing Achilles tendon-related symptoms and function. Unlike earlier Arabic validation efforts limited to patients, this study included a larger and more diverse cohort and incorporated additional psychometric analyses (standard error of measurement, smallest detectable change, Bland-Altman plot). These findings provide stronger evidence for the clinical and research application of the VISA-A-Arabic across Arabic-speaking populations.
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