Evidence mapPaperPMID 41885389Full record

ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2026

Small and Large Extracellular Vesicles in Circulation of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients Originate From Different Cell Types of the Tumor Microenvironment.

Filippo Maltoni, Steven Wang, Mischa F B Steketee, Cristina A Gómez-Martín, Esther E E Drees, Federica Morelli, Leontien Bosch, Monique van Eijndhoven, Gert Jan Timmers, Ilse Houtenbos and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Filippo MaltoniDepartment of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3666-7755
Steven WangDepartment of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5473-9415
Mischa F B SteketeeDepartment of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Cristina A Gómez-MartínDepartment of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Esther E E DreesDepartment of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3551-0038
Federica MorelliDepartment of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Leontien BoschDepartment of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Monique van EijndhovenDepartment of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Gert Jan TimmersAmstelland Ziekenhuis, Amstelveen, the Netherlands.
Ilse HoutenbosSpaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, the Netherlands.
Josée M ZijlstraDepartment of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Xiaofei YeDepartment of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Qiang Pan-HammarströmDivision of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Martine E D ChamuleauDepartment of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Pier Luigi ZinzaniDepartment of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Yongsoo KimDepartment of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Lucia CataniDepartment of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Dirk Michiel PegtelDepartment of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7357-4406

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Malignant and non-malignant cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) actively secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) that may mediate intercellular communication or enter the blood stream. Circulating EVs in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) patients are a promising source of liquid biopsy biomarkers; however, whether different cellular components of the TME preferentially secrete small (S-) and/or large (L-) EVs is still unknown. With an established density-gradient separation protocol and tunable resistive pulse sensing analysis, we demonstrate that DLBCL cells in culture produce 100-1000-fold higher numbers of S-EVs (50-200 nm) compared with L-EVs (200-1000 nm) and very large EVs (>1000 nm). In contrast, the plasma from DLBCL patients contains comparable concentrations of S- and L-EVs, consistent with various cellular origins. Small RNA sequencing showed minor differences in miRNA content between plasma S- and L-EVs; however, messenger RNA sequencing revealed stark differences in cargo between EV-size subtypes and between healthy donors and patients. Deconvolution analysis with single-cell sequencing data from 17 DLBCL tumor tissues as reference using the Statescope algorithm indicated that circulating S-EVs from malignant cells outnumber the L-EVs. In contrast, TME macrophage-, T cell-, and natural killer-derived L-EVs outnumber S-EVs. Together, these findings suggest that circulating S- and L-EVs can originate from distinct cellular compartments within the DLBCL TME, representing complementary biological information. These observations have important implications for the development of EV-based liquid biopsy strategies.

Indexed as

Extracellular VesiclesLymphoma, Large B-Cell, DiffuseTumor MicroenvironmentBiomarkers, TumorCell Line, TumorFemaleHumansLiquid BiopsyMicroRNAsBiomarkers, TumorMicroRNAsdeconvolutiondiffuse large B‐cell lymphomaextracellular vesiclesliquid biopsymiRNAmRNAsmall and large EVs

Identifiers

PMID41885389
PMCPMC13140527

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.