Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41885997›Full record

ReviewPflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology2026

Targeting hypertension through natural phenolics: The multifaceted role of cinnamic acid and its derivatives.

Samuel S P de Araujo, Brenda L B Dos Santos, Waldilleny R A de Moura, Leonardo G Rodrigues, Luiz G S Branco, Helio C Salgado, Renato N Soriano, Marina de T Durand, João Paulo J Sabino

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Samuel S P de Araujo *Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
Brenda L B Dos Santos *Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
Waldilleny R A de MouraMulticenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
Leonardo G RodriguesGraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
Luiz G S BrancoDepartment of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Helio C SalgadoDepartment of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Renato N SorianoDivision of Physiology and Biophysics, Life Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora-campus GV, MG, Governador Valadares, Brazil.
Marina de T DurandMedical School, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
João Paulo J SabinoMulticenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil. jacobsabino@ufpi.edu.br.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hypertension is a serious global public health problem that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Its etiology involves inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, and imbalances in blood pressure (BP) regulatory systems. In this context, the search for new therapeutic agents remains a major challenge, highlighting natural compounds such as cinnamic acid (CA) and its derivatives, including caffeic acid (CAF) and ferulic acid (FA). This review aimed to investigate the antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant potential of CA and its derivatives. The phenolic acids analyzed, particularly CA and FA, exhibited greater inhibitory activity on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), whereas CAF showed lower activity. Furthermore, cinnamic acid and its derivatives increased nitric oxide (NO) production, contributing to vasodilation. Regarding the inflammatory response, studies on phenolic acids demonstrated a reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, accompanied by an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, indicating a relevant anti-inflammatory effect. Similarly, in the antioxidant system, increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were observed, along with a reduction in the pro-oxidant marker malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, the DPPH and ABTS assays demonstrated greater free radical scavenging activity for CA, CAF, and FA derivatives. Taken together, these findings suggest that phenolic acids are promising candidates for the treatment of hypertension due to their favorable safety profile, with CA standing out as the main compound with hypotensive effects.

Indexed as

Antihypertensive AgentsCinnamatesHypertensionAnimalsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAntioxidantsCaffeic AcidsCoumaric AcidsHumansOxidative StressAntihypertensive AgentsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAntioxidantscaffeic acidCaffeic AcidsCinnamatescinnamic acidCoumaric AcidsCinnamic acidHypertensionInflammationOxidative stressPhenolic acidsRenin-angiotensin system

Identifiers

PMID41885997
PMCPMC13021695

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.