ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2026
Increases in Kratom-Related Reports to Poison Centers - National Poison Data System, United States, 2015-2025.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chronic Kratom Use as a Potential Risk Factor for Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Kratom Use and Associations With Mental Health in the United States.Journal of addiction medicine · 2026Article
- A Review of Kratom Product Evolution and Its Associated Health Outcomes.Substance abuse and rehabilitation · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Kratom, the leaves of a tropical evergreen tree (Mitragyna speciosa), is traditionally consumed in Southeast Asia for pain relief, mood enhancement, and to relieve symptoms of opioid withdrawal. Kratom contains psychoactive compounds that interact with opioid receptors and is widely available in various forms in the United States. Its evolution from natural leaf to high-potency alkaloid products has raised concerns about toxicity. Data on kratom-related use that resulted in a report to the National Poison Data System (NPDS) (i.e., kratom exposure report) during 2015-2025 were analyzed to assess trends by exposure report type, demographic characteristics of persons exposed, and outcomes. During the past 11 years, poison centers received a total of 14,449 kratom exposure reports; the record high 3,434 reports in 2025 represent an increase of approximately 1,200% compared with the 258 reports in 2015. Most reports involved males and young adults aged 20-39 years, but reports among adults aged 40-59 years increased most sharply, with rates nearly overlapping with those among young adults by 2025. Although single-substance exposure reports accounted for most reports (62%), multiple-substance reports occurred at higher rates (range = 467-5,442 per 1 million multiple-substance drug exposure reports versus 388-4,045 per 1 million single-substance drug exposure reports), were associated with more hospitalizations (44%-56% versus 24%-29% annually) and serious (life threatening, pronounced, prolonged, or systemic) outcomes (57%-66% versus 41%-49% annually), and accounted for the vast majority of kratom-associated deaths during the study period (184 of 233; 79%). NPDS data indicate that kratom-related reports to poison centers are increasing and expanding among demographic groups, underscoring the value of ongoing surveillance to identify high-risk patterns of kratom use and guide strategies to reduce risks from multiple-substance exposure reports.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.