ArticleBMJ open2026
Effectiveness of community-based public health strategies to reduce antimicrobial resistance in community settings in sub-Saharan Africa: a protocol of a systematic review.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), driven by unregulated antibiotic access, self-medication and weak health systems. Community-based interventions, including education, awareness campaigns, stewardship programmes and regulatory measures, are increasingly used to address inappropriate antibiotic use, yet evidence of their effectiveness in SSA remains fragmented. This systematic review aims to identify and synthesise studies conducted between 2015 and 2025 that evaluate public health interventions in SSA community settings aimed at reducing antibiotic misuse or AMR. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines, eligibility criteria will be structured using the patient, intervention, comparison and outcome framework. Searches will be conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Studies published in English between 2015 and 2025 will be eligible. Two reviewers will independently conduct screening, data extraction and risk-of-bias (RoB) assessment (using Cochrane RoB V.2.0, ROBINS-I or Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This systematic review will synthesise evidence from previously published studies and therefore does not require formal ethical approval. The review will be conducted and reported in accordance with the methodological guidance of the JBI and the PRISMA 2020 statement for systematic reviews. The findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at national and international conferences focusing on AMR and community-based health approaches. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD420251160424.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.