Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41888146›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Leveraging weighted embedding and Transformer architecture to improve phenotype prediction of complex traits for crops.

Jing Li, Linfeng Yu, Mengfan Li, Rui Han, Yecheng Li, Abdulwahab Saliu Shaibu, Kwadwo Gyapong Agyenim-Boateng, Zhaoyi Hao, Yitian Liu, Bin Li and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Jing Li *The State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China. lijing02@caas.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-3376-3415
Linfeng Yu *The State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Mengfan Li *Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Rui HanInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Yecheng LiThe State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Abdulwahab Saliu ShaibuDepartment of Agronomy, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria.
Kwadwo Gyapong Agyenim-BoatengDynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Zhaoyi HaoThe State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Yitian LiuThe State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Bin LiThe State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9452-6083
Shengrui ZhangThe State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Liang LiThe State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Lijuan QiuThe State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China. qiulijuan@caas.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5777-3344
Junming SunThe State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China. sunjunming@caas.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5585-0016

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 32001574National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 32272178National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 32472193
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding the relationship between genomic variation and phenotype is fundamental to deciphering the genetic architecture underlying complex traits. Yet, existing statistical models struggle to balance massive genomic datasets with biological interpretability. Here, we introduce GP-WAITER, a deep learning framework integrating GWAS-derived SNP weights into a hybrid convolutional neural network and Transformer architecture. By utilizing a weighted embedding mechanism and multi-head self-attention, GP-WAITER effectively captures long-range dependencies across ultra-long genomic sequences. The model consistently outperforms seven state-of-the-art genomic prediction models across six datasets, achieving up to a 77.5% improvement in prediction accuracy, a 78% reduction in mean squared error, and a 1.8-2.4fold increase in computational efficiency. Furthermore, GP-WAITER offers biological transparency by pinpointing key genetic variants driving specific traits. This scalable, interpretable framework provides a powerful tool for precision breeding and the functional interpretation of trait-associated variants.

Indexed as

Crops, AgriculturalConvolutional Neural NetworksDeep LearningGenome-Wide Association StudyGenomicsModels, GeneticPhenotypePolymorphism, Single NucleotideQuantitative Trait Loci

Identifiers

PMID41888146
PMCPMC13184333

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.