Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41888411›Full record

ArticleAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry2026

Untargeted approaches based on GC-Orbitrap-HRMS and two-dimensional GC-MS for the identification of intentionally and non-intentionally added substances from bio-based food contact materials.

Maurizio Piergiovanni, Simone Squara, Marco Fontanarosa, Cristian Maffezzoni, Nicolò Riboni, Antonella Cavazza, Monica Mattarozzi, Federica Bianchi, Michele Suman, Maria Careri

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Maurizio PiergiovanniUniversity of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy. maurizio.piergiovanni@unipr.it.
Simone SquaraBarilla G.R. F.lli SpA, Research, Development & Quality, Sensory and Analytical Food Science, Via Mantova 166, 43122, Parma, Italy.
Marco FontanarosaUniversity of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
Cristian MaffezzoniUniversity of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
Nicolò RiboniUniversity of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
Antonella CavazzaUniversity of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
Monica MattarozziUniversity of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
Federica BianchiUniversity of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
Michele SumanBarilla G.R. F.lli SpA, Research, Development & Quality, Sensory and Analytical Food Science, Via Mantova 166, 43122, Parma, Italy. michele.suman@unipr.it.
Maria CareriUniversity of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The increasing adoption of bioplastics is rapidly expanding in food contact materials (FCMs) to minimise environmental impact and improve consumers' acceptance. However, several aspects must be considered throughout their lifecycle, from bioplastic processing to final product application. This study presents an untargeted analytical workflow to characterise volatile compounds of bioplastic FCMs based on GC-Orbitrap HRMS coupled with chemometrics and complemented by GC × GC-TOF-MS. The bio-based FCMs included polylactic acid (PLA), its heat-resistant variant crystallised PLA (cPLA) and no-PLA materials. The approach based on GC-Orbitrap HRMS coupled to supervised PLS-DA and variable importance in projection (VIP) method allowed the identification of differential compounds able to discriminate samples according to material composition and maximum end-use temperature. Chemometric analysis applied to samples classified according to maximum end-use temperature identified cyclic oligomers and hydrocarbons as markers for PLA samples suitable for use up to 40°C. Considering classification by the type of material resistant to moderate temperature (cPLA vs. no-PLA FCM), analysis of the dataset showed almost completely different VIP selection, with some PLA-related molecules (lactic acid, lactate esters, and linear oligomers) characterising cPLA, some hydrocarbons as key variables of the non-PLA class, and two succinate esters present in both the materials suggesting the presence of PLA/polybutylene succinate blends. In addition to polymer-related molecules, plasticisers emerged as chemical additives incorporated into the investigated materials during manufacturing. In addition, GC × GC-TOF-MS successfully identified distinct series of PLA oligomers, citric acid esters, and mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons, with regular chromatographic patterns, supporting structural hypotheses and integrating GC-Orbitrap HRMS findings.

Indexed as

Food ContaminationFood PackagingGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryPlasticsPolyestersPolymersPlasticsPolyesterspoly(lactide)PolymersBioplasticFood contact materialsGC × GC-TOF–MSGC-Orbitrap HRMSNIASPLA

Identifiers

PMID41888411
PMCPMC13144257

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.