Retrieving of diguanylate cyclases responsible for biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.

Boqiao Li, Ling Zou, Xiaobo Liu

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in BMC microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Identification of genetic determinants that promote biofilm growth under heterotrophic conditions inBiofilm · 2026
Article

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Boqiao LiSchool of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China.

Ling ZouSchool of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China.

Xiaobo LiuSchool of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China. xbliu@njust.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-1865-4403

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 32370105 and 32570139

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAs a common opportunistic nosocomial pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an increasingly multidrug-resistant threat due to its strong biofilm lifestyle. The GGDEF/EAL domain proteins regulate c-di-GMP metabolism, thereby affecting biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. Nevertheless, the effects of such proteins on biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii remain unclear.

resultsIn this study, we identified and characterized the GGDEF/EAL domain proteins in A. baumannii and evaluated their contributions to biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. Comparative genomic analysis revealed eleven genes encoding putative proteins that metabolize c-di-GMP in A. baumannii EMB-1. Overexpression of individual putative proteins showed that a diguanylate cyclase DGC8 markedly influenced the colony morphology, surface-associated motility, and biofilm formation of A. baumannii EMB-1. Furthermore, the antibiotic susceptibility test showed that DGC8 enhances the resistance of EMB-1 to four frequently used antibiotics (i.e., ceftazidime, cefepime, levofloxacin, and tigecycline). Importantly, molecular biology evidence suggests that DGC8 regulates biofilm formation through the Csu pili-mediated pathway.

conclusionsTogether, our findings provide a basis for understanding the physiology of drug resistance in A. baumannii through the regulation of biofilm formation and surface-associated motility, shedding light on targeting DGC8 as an emerging mitigation strategy to control this pathogen.

Indexed as

Acinetobacter baumanniiBiofilmsDrug Resistance, BacterialEscherichia coli ProteinsPhosphorus-Oxygen LyasesAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial ProteinsCyclic GMPDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialGene Expression Regulation, BacterialMicrobial Sensitivity TestsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial Proteinsbis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acidCyclic GMPdiguanylate cyclaseEscherichia coli ProteinsPhosphorus-Oxygen LyasesAcinetobacter baumanniiAntibiotic resistanceBiofilmC-di-GMPDiguanylate cyclase

Identifiers

PMID41888665

DOI10.1186/s12866-026-05003-w

PMCPMC13147899

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.