Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41888931›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2026

Ginsenoside Rg2 attenuates secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis.

Han Sun, Wenwen Fu, Zhiqiang Yao, Ying Sun, Huifeng Wang, Wenli Ma, Shunfang Zuo, Zihao Zhang, Shuting Feng, Jialin Chen and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Han Sun *Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Wenwen Fu *Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Zhiqiang YaoDepartment of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
Ying SunDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Huifeng WangDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Wenli MaDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Shunfang ZuoDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Zihao ZhangDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Shuting FengDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Jialin ChenDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Yanbing WuDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Meng CaiDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Huali XuDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Alexander DityatevMolecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.
Weilun SunDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China. weilun_sun@jlu.edu.cn.

Funding

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2023M741353Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program 20240402038GHNational Natural Science Foundation of China 32300821
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating stroke subtype without effective therapy. Neuroinflammation, particularly driven by NLRP3 inflammasome–mediated pyroptosis, is a key contributor to secondary brain injury (SBI). Ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2), a natural saponin with anti-inflammatory activity, has been reported to inhibit NLRP3, but its efficacy and mechanisms in ICH remain unclear.

methodsIn a collagenase-induced ICH mouse model, we evaluated the effects of Rg2 on neurological function, cerebral blood flow, hematoma expansion, neuronal injury, and inflammation. Mechanistic studies included RNA sequencing, western blotting, immunostaining, co-treatment with MCC950, and microglial depletion with PLX3397. Serum NLRP3 levels were analyzed in patients with ICH.

resultsRg2 improved acute and long-term neurological and cognitive recovery, restored cerebral blood flow, reduced hematoma expansion, and alleviated neuronal damage. It suppressed central and peripheral inflammation, limiting microglial and astrocytic overactivation. Mechanistically, Rg2 directly targeted NLRP3 to selectively inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis while sparing NLRC4 and AIM2. Partial microglial depletion abolished its benefit, and MCC950 co-treatment produced no additive effect. Serum NLRP3 levels correlated with ICH severity and were reduced by Rg2. Long-term treatment showed no organ toxicity.

conclusionsRg2 confers robust neuroprotection against ICH by selectively targeting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis, offering both acute and long-term benefits. These findings support Rg2 as a promising candidate for ICH and potentially for other NLRP3-related neuroinflammatory diseases.

Indexed as

Brain InjuriesCerebral HemorrhageGinsenosidesNLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 ProteinPyroptosisAnimalsHumansMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNeuroprotective Agentsginsenoside Rg2GinsenosidesNeuroprotective AgentsNLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 ProteinNlrp3 protein, mouseGinsenoside Rg2Intracerebral hemorrhageMicrogliaNeuroinflammationNLRP3 inflammasomePyroptosis

Identifiers

PMID41888931
PMCPMC13141473

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.