Evidence mapPaperPMID 41889301Full record

ArticlePrimary health care research & development2026

Factors affecting cost-related medication non-adherence among US population with cardiovascular risk factors.

Nikhila Gandrakota, Manju Ramakrishnan, Kavya Sudireddy, Megha K Shah

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Article in Primary health care research & development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Nikhila GandrakotaEmory University School of Medicinehttps://ror.org/03czfpz43, Atlanta, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4267-7533
Manju RamakrishnanRollins School of Public Health: Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9504-2240
Kavya SudireddyUMass Chan Medical School TH Chan School of Medicine: University of Massachusetts, USA.
Megha K ShahEmory University School of Medicine, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6722-7846

Funding

Scaling Telehealth Models to Improve Co-morbid Diabetes and Hypertension in Immigrant PopulationsR01MD018528 · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · 2025 to 2025
$695k
NIMHD NIH HHS K23 MD015088NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD018528
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIn the US, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death and disability. Cost-related medication non-adherence (CRMN) can have serious consequences and worsen CVD outcomes. We examined the relationship between CVD risk factors and CRMN among US adults.

methodsCDC's 2019-2021 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data were used to examine CRMN among adults, categorized into three groups based on reported risk factors. We used chi-square tests, and logistic regression to determine factors associated with CRMN.

resultsAmong 49,464 participants, young, unmarried individuals, females, less educated, and participants from the South had higher CRMN than older, married individuals, males, and those with higher education residing in the other regions. Current smokers and those with more CVD risk factors also reported higher CRMN than former and never-smokers. Conversely, those aged 65 or older, with high-income, and excellent self-rated health had lower CRMN than younger participants, low-income families, and those with poor self-rated health. Public insurance and Medicaid participants had lower CRMN than uninsured (OR 0.13, 95% CI, 0.04-0.45, and OR 0.24, 95% CI, 0.15-0.36). Stratified analysis by diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, revealed participants with high-income had lower odds of CRMN (OR 0.38, 95% CI, 0.28-0.50; OR 0.39, 95% CI, 0.28-0.58; OR 0.37, 95% CI, 0.27-0.51 respectively) than those with lower- incomes.

conclusionAdults under 65 with more CVD risk factors and lacking insurance coverage are at higher risk of CRMN. Therefore, strengthening prescription drug coverage and targeted interventions are necessary to reduce CRMN among those with cardiovascular risk factors.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDrug MonitoringAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsUnited StatesYoung AdultCardiovascularcostmedicationnon-adherencerisk factors

Identifiers

PMID41889301
PMCPMC13040395

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.