ArticleCirculation. Population health and outcomes2026
Cardiovascular Conditions and Symptoms in Deaths Attributed to Acute Stimulant Toxicity.
Article in Circulation. Population health and outcomes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe underlying cause of deaths attributed to acute stimulant (methamphetamine or cocaine) toxicity is poorly understood, although cardiovascular events are believed to contribute.
methodsWe analyzed psychological autopsy data from acute stimulant toxicity deaths in San Francisco from 2022 to 2023. Sources included vital records, autopsies, medical records, and mixed-methods interviews with informants (eg, family and friends) who knew decedents in the year preceding death. We compared sociodemographic characteristics and cardiovascular measures (autopsy, ECG, echocardiogram, or laboratory abnormalities; diagnoses; acute care visits; symptoms) by fentanyl involvement. Age was skewed and compared with a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Proportions were compared with χ
resultsAmong 101 deaths, 70 involved stimulants without opioids and 31 also involved fentanyl. Median age at death was higher among stimulant without opioids compared with fentanyl-involved decedents (58 versus 50 years;
conclusionsPremortem cardiovascular conditions and symptoms were common among stimulant decedents and were more prevalent among deaths attributed to stimulants without opioids compared with those involving fentanyl. In addition to opioid overdose prevention efforts, people who use stimulants might benefit from aggressive prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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