Evidence mapPaperPMID 41889641Full record

ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026

Human urinary extracellular vesicle preparations inhibit

Aziz Ur Rehman, Kieran Abbott, Fiona E Karet Frankl, Ashraf Zarkan, Tim L Williams

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Aziz Ur RehmanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Kieran AbbottDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Fiona E Karet FranklCambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Ashraf ZarkanDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Tim L WilliamsDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) rank as one of the most frequent bacterial infections globally, with multiple bacterial species such as uropathogenic Methods: UEV preparations from healthy human volunteers were added to bacteria, and biofilm formation was assessed using safranin-based biofilm quantification. Results: UEV preparations from the majority of volunteers significantly inhibited biofilm formation of multiple uropathogens, including UPEC (66.2% [34.8%-85.6%] inhibition vs. control), Discussion: These findings highlight the potential role of UEVs as innate modulators of uropathogen biofilms and lay the groundwork for future exploration of the relevance of host-derived UEVs in determining risks of recurrent UTIs.

Indexed as

antibiofilm activitybiofilmsurinary extracellular vesiclesurinary tract infectionsuropathogens

Identifiers

PMID41889641
PMCPMC13013504

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.