Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41889694›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2026

Effects of personalized time-trial goal setting on swimming performance and psychological profiles in competitive swimmers.

Nadhir Ferchichi, Sofiene Amara, Hajer Aouani, Anissa Bouassida, Roland van den Tillaar

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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Nadhir FerchichiHigher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia.
Sofiene AmaraHigher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia.
Hajer AouaniResearch Laboratory Sports Performance Optimization (LR09SEP01), National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.
Anissa BouassidaHigher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia.
Roland van den TillaarDepartment of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nord University, Levanger, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Swimming performance results from a complex interaction between physiological and psychological factors. The use of specific goal-setting has emerged as a promising psychological strategy; however, its influence on emotional states and time-based performance in real competitive conditions remains insufficiently documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of setting a specific time-based performance goal on 100-m freestyle performance and psychological states in competitive swimmers. Twenty-four male swimmers (15.2 ± 0.8 years) were randomly assigned to an experimental group (

Indexed as

competitive anxietyinterval of goal settingmood disturbancepsycho-physiologicaltraining intervention

Identifiers

PMID41889694
PMCPMC13013445

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.