ReviewFrontiers in physiology2026
The gut-thyroid axis: physiological regulation of barrier function, microbiota, endocrine signaling and the consequences on energy metabolism.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Thyroid hormones and metabolic flexibility: tissue-specific control of energy homeostasis.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Chinese herbal formulas for Hashimoto's thyroiditis based on the thyroid-gut axis: multitarget synergistic mechanisms and boundaries of evidence.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The gut-thyroid axis is a bidirectional physiological network in which intestinal barrier function, microbiota composition, micronutrient absorption, and Thyroid Hormone (TH) homeostasis are closely interconnected. Growing evidence indicates that alterations in intestinal integrity and microbial metabolism can significantly influence TH bioavailability and systemic endocrine regulation, while THs themselves actively shape intestinal structure and function. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the physiological mechanisms underlying the gut-thyroid crosstalk. We first describe the organization of the intestinal barrier, focusing on epithelial transporters, tight junction dynamics, immune-epithelial interactions, and their role in controlling permeability and nutrient absorption. We then discuss how THs, via TRα1 signaling, regulate intestinal epithelial differentiation, stem-cell activity, barrier maintenance, and innate immune defenses, including the induction of intestinal alkaline phosphatase. Conversely, we examine how the intestine contributes to TH homeostasis by modulating hormone absorption, transporter-mediated uptake, deiodinase-dependent activation and inactivation, microbial deconjugation, and enterohepatic recycling. We also review the intestinal handling of iodine and selenium, emphasizing how epithelial and microbial mechanisms influence TH synthesis and peripheral metabolism. Finally, we integrate these processes into a systemic framework linking gut-thyroid interactions to energy metabolism, inflammatory status, and metabolic flexibility. Overall, this review delineates the gut-thyroid axis as a key physiological interface coordinating endocrine and gastrointestinal function and discusses emerging perspectives for therapeutic strategies targeting intestinal health to optimize TH action.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.