Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41890112›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

The Extreme Diversity Of Retinal Amacrine Cells Has Deep Evolutionary Roots.

Dario Tommasini, Aboozar Monavarfeshani, Vishruth Dinesh, Joshua Hahn, Jared Tangeman, Olivier Marre, Seth Blackshaw, Teresa Puthussery, Joshua R Sanes, Karthik Shekhar

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Dario TommasiniDepartment of Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1214-6547
Aboozar MonavarfeshaniDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8906-5115
Vishruth DineshDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Joshua HahnDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4776-2067
Jared TangemanSolomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0224-2893
Olivier MarreInstitut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-0090-6190
Seth BlackshawSolomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1338-8476
Teresa PuthusseryHerbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9188-6067
Joshua R SanesDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8926-8836
Karthik ShekharHelen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4349-6600

Funding

UC Berkeley Vision Science COREP30EY003176 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI Marla Feller · 1985 to 2026
$16.4M
BRAIN CONNECTS: Scalable Approaches for Bidirectional Brain-wide Trans-Neuronal Connectivity Mapping of Defined Cell TypesU01NS136405 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Xin Duan, Evan Harriman Feinberg · 2024 to 2026
$5.9M
Comprehensive Classification Of Neuronal Subtypes By Single Cell TranscriptomicsU01MH105960 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI REGEV, AVIV, SANES, JOSHUA R · 2014 to 2016
$4.5M
Structure and Function of Primate Retinal CircuitsR01EY024265 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI PUTHUSSERY, TERESA · 2014 to 2025
$4.4M
Uncovering the molecular identity of retinal cell types, and their responses to nerve injury using single-cell transcriptomicsR00EY028625 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI SHEKHAR, KARTHIK · 2020 to 2022
$740k
Defining cell types of foveal and peripheral retina by high-throughput, single-celltranscriptional profilingR21EY028633 · NEI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI DO, MICHAEL TRI HOANG, SANES, JOSHUA R · 2018 to 2019
$487k
Uncovering the molecular identity of retinal cell types, and their responses to nerve injury using single-cell transcriptomicsK99EY028625 · NEI · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI SHEKHAR, KARTHIK · 2018 to 2019
$215k
Evolutionary conservation of amacrine cell types in the vertebrate retinaF31EY038101 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI TOMMASINI, DARIO · 2025 to 2025
$47k
NEI NIH HHS F31 EY038101NEI NIH HHS K99 EY028625NEI NIH HHS P30 EY003176NEI NIH HHS R00 EY028625NEI NIH HHS R01 EY024265NEI NIH HHS R21 EY028633NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH105960NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS136405
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Amacrine cells (ACs) comprise a heterogeneous class of inhibitory neurons in the vertebrate retina, exhibiting morphological and functional complexity rivaling that of cortical interneurons. Here, we integrate single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomic atlases from 24 vertebrate species to reconstruct the evolutionary origins of this extreme diversity. We identify 42 orthologous AC types (oACs), most of which exhibit a one-to-one correspondence across amniotes and, in many cases, across vertebrates. While core molecular identities are conserved, AC types vary in abundance and gene expression across species, likely reflecting adaptations to distinct visual ecologies. AC diversity scales with that of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), indicative of coevolution. Finally, we suggest that ACs arose from an AC-RGC hybrid precursor, with glycinergic ACs diverging early in vertebrate evolution, followed by a bifurcation between RGCs and GABAergic ACs. Together, these findings establish a unified evolutionary framework for understanding the diversity, development, and function of a class of inhibitory neurons across vertebrates.

Identifiers

PMID41890112
PMCPMC13014178

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.