Evidence mapPaperPMID 41890182Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in endocrinology2026

Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists' effects on glycemic control, weight loss, and beta cells function in type 1 diabetes.

Hyder O Mirghani, Laila Albishi, Sawsan Mohmed Alblewi

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Hyder O MirghaniInternal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Laila AlbishiPediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Sawsan Mohmed AlblewiPediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Insulin is an effective treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and a significant proportion of patients are not controlled, develop hypoglycemia, and gain weight. Therefore, adjuvant therapies to mitigate the above are highly needed. Meta-analyses on the effect of glucagon peptide agonists (GLP-1 agonists) on weight loss and HbA1c are scarce. We aimed to assess the effects of GLP-1 agonists on HbA1c, weight, and C-peptide in patients with T1DM with obesity/overweight and normal weight. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception up to October 30, 2025. The keywords T1DM, GLP-1 agonists, weight, HbA1c, hyperglycemia, adverse effects, hypoglycemia, time in the range, continuous monitoring, blood glucose, C-peptide, and complications were used. We identified 904 studies; from them, 33 full texts were eligible, and 18 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results: GLP-1 agonists achieved a higher reduction in weight, HbA1c, and time spent in hyperglycemia compared to controls, MD=-4.28, 95% Conclusion: GLP-1 agonists reduced weight, HbA1c, and time in hyperglycemia significantly compared to controls at the cost of total side effects. The stimulated C-peptide and hypoglycemia were not different between the two groups; further well-controlled trials investigating the role of GLP-1 agonists in newly diagnosed, and normal body weight T1DM are recommended.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Glucagon-Like Peptide 1Glycemic ControlHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin-Secreting CellsWeight LossBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinHumansBlood GlucoseGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsGLP-1 agonistsHbA1cT1DMweightβ cells

Identifiers

PMID41890182
PMCPMC13013066

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.