Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41890981›Full record

ArticleClinical kidney journal2026

Increased albuminuria is highly prevalent in the general population: prevalence of CKD in the Gutenberg Health Study.

Daniel Kraus, Alexander Gieswinkel, Simone Cosima Boedecker-Lips, Pascal Klimpke, Marco Stortz, Eva M Schleicher, Jörn M Schattenberg, Norbert Pfeiffer, Jasmin Ghaemi, Irene Schmidtmann and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical kidney journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Daniel KrausI. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6351-3706
Alexander GieswinkelPreventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine - Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7014-5624
Simone Cosima Boedecker-LipsI. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Pascal KlimpkeI. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Marco StortzI. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Eva M SchleicherI. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Jörn M SchattenbergDepartment of Internal Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4224-4703
Norbert PfeifferDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-2617
Jasmin GhaemiDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Irene SchmidtmannInstitute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8743-6752
Karl J LacknerInstitute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Oliver TüscherDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Thomas MünzelDepartment of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5503-4150
Philipp S WildPreventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine - Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Peter R GalleI. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Julia Weinmann-MenkeI. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7344-8381

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is essential to slow progression and delay or prevent dialysis. However, in the absence of specific symptoms, patients and physicians may remain unaware of the disease for a long period. Here we present an analysis from the Gutenberg Health Study, a prospective longitudinal cohort study, to estimate the prevalence of CKD indicators in the population. Methods: A representative sample of 10 125 individuals underwent extensive medical testing at baseline; 9331 were tested again after 5 years. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula with serum creatinine. Urinary albumin:creatinine ratios (UACRs) were determined from spot urine samples. Results: At baseline, 2.5% of subjects had decreased eGFR (<60 ml/min/1.73 m Conclusions: This is the first study to report the longitudinal prevalence of CKD in the population. Chronic increased albuminuria, a sensitive marker of CKD, is highly prevalent in the German population even in the absence of risk factors for kidney disease.

Indexed as

chronic kidney diseasedisease progressionincreased albuminuriapopulation healthprevention

Identifiers

PMID41890981
PMCPMC13014362

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.