Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41891441›Full record

ArticleEpidemiology and psychiatric sciences2026

The longitudinal relationship between economic and social stressors, emotion dysregulation and mental health among refugees in protracted displacement.

Philippa Specker, Gülşah Kurt, Belinda J Liddell, David Keegan, Randy Nandyatama, Atika Yuanita, Rizka Argadianti Rachmah, Joel Hoffman, Shraddha Kashyap, Diah Tricesaria and 3 more

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Article in Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Philippa SpeckerSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3969-2599
Gülşah KurtSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7820-1230
Belinda J LiddellSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
David KeeganSchool of Social Work, Excelsia University College, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia.
Randy NandyatamaDepartment of International Relations, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Atika YuanitaSUAKA, Indonesian Civil Society Network for Refugee Rights Protection, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia.
Rizka Argadianti RachmahSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Joel HoffmanSydney School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Shraddha KashyapBilya Marlee School of Indigenous Studies, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Diah TricesariaSchool of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Mitra KhakbazHOST International, Parramatta, NSW, Australia.
Zico PestalozziSUAKA, Indonesian Civil Society Network for Refugee Rights Protection, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia.
Angela NickersonSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTrauma-related psychopathology is markedly elevated among refugee populations, particularly those living in sustained displacement. While economic, social and psychological factors have been linked to the deterioration of mental health following trauma and displacement, these factors have rarely been investigated concurrently and longitudinally. Consequently, there is little information on the potential longitudinal mechanisms driving mental ill-health in displacement settings. This study explored the temporal association between economic stressors, social stressors, emotion dysregulation and psychopathology in 1,235 refugees displaced in Indonesia.

methodsRefugee participants from Farsi, Dari, Arabic, Somali and English-speaking backgrounds completed an online survey at four timepoints, 6 months apart. Factors of interest were measured using validated instruments including the Patient Health Questionnaire (to assess depressive symptoms), Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (to assess posttraumatic stress [PTS] symptoms), Post-Migration Living Difficulties Checklist (to index economic and social stressors) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (to assess emotion dysregulation).

resultsRandom-intercept cross-lagged panel analysis revealed that economic stressors and emotion dysregulation were central to the longitudinal course of trauma-related psychopathology. Specifically, economic stressors were associated with subsequent increases in PTS symptoms (

conclusionsThe current study identified both economic stressors and emotion dysregulation as the main drivers of psychopathology for refugees. This indicates that both the structural barriers encountered in the environment and one's internal capacity have a substantial impact on wellbeing. These findings highlight that alongside psychological interventions, policy changes that facilitate economic empowerment are critically, and equally, important.

Indexed as

DepressionEmotional RegulationMental HealthRefugeesStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticStress, PsychologicalAdultFemaleHumansIndonesiaLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedSocioeconomic FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung Adultemotion regulationmental healthrefugeessocial and economic stressors

Identifiers

PMID41891441
PMCPMC13122541

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.