ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2026
Circulating exhausted CD8+ effector memory cells differentiate immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced liver injury from other acute immune-mediated liver injuries.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hepatic and Pancreatobiliary Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Multidisciplinary Approach.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- IL-6 in Checkpoint Myocarditis: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target.JACC. CardioOncology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCheckpoint inhibitor-induced liver injury (ChILI) is an immune-related adverse reaction, occurring in patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI). ChILI is currently managed with high doses of corticosteroids which carry their own risks and potential side effects, and the lack of available biomarkers makes monitoring patients at risk of developing ChILI a challenge. There is no specific test that distinguishes ChILI from other competing diagnoses such as acute autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to other medications.
methodsPatients with cancer taking immunotherapy who did and did not develop ChILI were recruited. Patients gave samples during the acute phase of liver injury, before CPI treatment and at 12 weeks following the start of CPI therapy if no toxicity developed. Healthy controls were recruited as well as patients with DILI and AIH. Whole blood was taken for broad immune phenotyping using mass cytometry, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated for validatory flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and plasma was used for cytokine profiling. Samples from a second ChILI cohort were used for validation. Snap-frozen liver biopsies were used for bulk RNA-seq to compare the immune response in ChILI to DILI and AIH and correlate with peripheral immune signals. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver biopsies were used to visualize liver CD8
resultsWe have identified a circulating CD8
conclusionsWe have shown that circulating CD8
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.