Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41896372›Full record

ReviewDiscover oncology2026

Current evidence and emerging approaches in immunotherapy for gynecological cancers.

Victory Jesutoyosi Ashonibare, Oluwaseun Samuel Hezekiel, Omotola Seunfunmi Kukoyi, Suliat Adenike Hassan, Olaoluwa Ayoade Afolabi, Tunmise Maryanne Akhigbe, Roland Eghoghosoa Akhigbe

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Discover oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Victory Jesutoyosi AshonibareCardiovascular Regenerative Medicine & Tissue Engineering 3D Lab, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Oluwaseun Samuel HezekielReproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
Omotola Seunfunmi KukoyiReproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
Suliat Adenike HassanReproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
Olaoluwa Ayoade AfolabiReproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
Tunmise Maryanne AkhigbeReproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
Roland Eghoghosoa AkhigbeReproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. reakhigbe@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gynecological cancers, such as vulvar, cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women globally. Conventional management modalities like chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy have achieved limited success due to adverse side effects, resistance development, and tumor heterogeneity. Recognizing the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies, this narrative review explores the evolving role of immunotherapy in the management of these cancers. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar databases, focusing on peer-reviewed articles published up to 2023. The selection prioritized studies that evaluated immunotherapeutic approaches, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine therapies, cancer vaccines, and adoptive T cell therapies in gynecological cancers, with particular attention to clinical trials, preclinical studies, and reviews discussing mechanisms, outcomes, and challenges. Our synthesis reveals that immune checkpoint blockade agents, such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, demonstrate promising responses in specific patient subsets, notably those with HPV-associated tumors and high mutational burdens. Despite these advances, significant limitations persist, including immune-related side effects, treatment resistance, and patient heterogeneity. Ongoing efforts to identify predictive biomarkers and develop combination therapies aim to overcome these hurdles. In conclusion, immunotherapy holds substantial potential for improving outcomes in gynecological cancers. Nonetheless, further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms of resistance, optimize patient selection, and establish effective treatment protocols.

Indexed as

CancerCheckpoint inhibitorsImmunologyImmunoresistanceImmunotoleranceVaccines

Identifiers

PMID41896372
PMCPMC13149720

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.