Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41896576›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Synergetic effect of Camellia sinensis waste extract and zinc oxide nanoparticle for improving performance and appearance attributes of viscose fabrics.

Shahd Rasmy, Salwa Mowafi, Mahmoud Suleyman, Hosam El-Sayed

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Multifunctional Dyeing of Textiles with Turmeric (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Shahd RasmyFaculty of Biotechnology, MSA University, 6Th of October City, Giza, 12451, Egypt.
Salwa MowafiProteinic and Man-Made Fibers Department, Textile Research and Technology Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
Mahmoud SuleymanFaculty of Biotechnology, MSA University, 6Th of October City, Giza, 12451, Egypt.
Hosam El-SayedProteinic and Man-Made Fibers Department, Textile Research and Technology Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt. hosamelsayed58@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Eco-friendly textile dyeing technologies are increasingly popular because of raised environmental consciousness and the need for less polluting substitutes wefor synthetic dyes. Waste of black tea is an appropriate source of polyphenols and tannins with ecological as well as functional benefits, such as microbial resistance, and antioxidant activity. Herein, a new method for eco-friendlier dyeing and finishing of viscose fabric using black tea waste extract (BTWE) as a sustainable natural colorant for dyeing and functional finishing of viscose fabric was examined. The dyeing conditions, like pH, temperature, dye concentration, and time, were systematically regulated to assign the proper conditions for maximum color strength (K/S). The colorfastness of the dyed fabric against washing, perspiration, crocking, and light was determined. Using zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) improved the performance of the dyed fabrics by making them more resistant to some pathogens. The results revealed that the optimum dyeing conditions were found to be pH 3, 45 °C, 4% dye, for 60 min. Finishing the dyed samples with ZnO-NPs enhanced the K/S and antimicrobial activity without negative impact on the mechanical strength. The dyed viscose fabric exhibited excellent resistance towards Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria as well as the fungus Candida albicans. The antioxidant activity of the dyed samples was greatly improved compared to undyed viscose fabric. However, enhancement of the ultraviolet protection factor of the dyed fabric was limited, likely due to inadequate surface coverage and lack of coating operations. The discrepancy in the chemical and morphological structures between the undyed and the corresponding dyed viscose fabrics was monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The correlation between the different dyeing parameters and the color strength as well as the colorimetric data was assigned using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings of this investigation justify the potential application of BTWE as a green colorant for one-pot sustainable dyeing and functional finishing of viscose fabrics.

Indexed as

Camellia sinensisCelluloseMetal NanoparticlesPlant ExtractsTextilesZinc OxideAnti-Infective AgentsColorColoring AgentsAnti-Infective AgentsCelluloseColoring AgentsPlant ExtractsZinc OxideAntimicrobialAntioxidantBlack teaDyeingEco-friendlyFabricNanoparticlesPolyphenols compoundsViscoseWasteZinc oxide

Identifiers

PMID41896576
PMCPMC13039887

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.