Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41896758›Full record

ArticleBMC geriatrics2026

Routine immunization in older adults beyond COVID-19: a qualitative analysis of experiences, perceived barriers and facilitators, and recommendations for improvement.

Báltica Cabieses, Alexandra Obach, Paula Madrid, Alice Blukacz, Michelle Sadler, Alejandra Carreño, Edward Mezones-Holguín

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC geriatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Báltica CabiesesCentro de Salud Global Intercultural, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
Alexandra ObachCentro de Salud Global Intercultural, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. aobach@udd.cl.
Paula MadridCentro de Salud Global Intercultural, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
Alice BlukaczInstituto de Investigaciones Sociales de América Latina, Conicet-Flacso, Argentina.
Michelle SadlerDepartamento de Historia y Ciencias Sociales, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
Alejandra CarreñoCentro de Salud Global Intercultural, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
Edward Mezones-HolguínCentro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVaccination remains one of the most cost-effective public health strategies. However, declining immunization rates among older adults pose a growing concern. This qualitative study aimed to unveil the experiences, emotional responses, barriers and facilitators, and recommendations for improvement of the National Immunization Program among older Chileans and international migrants residing in three major urban centers in Chile during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

methodsA qualitative multiple case study design was employed. Using snowball sampling, a purposive sample of 30 participants aged 65+ (15 Chileans and 15 international migrants) were recruited. Semi-structured interviews were conducted online between 01 January 2023 and 30 April 2024 following a pre-defined guide, and lasting 60–90 min. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. Ethical approval was obtained before the study was conducted.

resultsMost participants viewed Chile’s vaccination program for older adults as effective. The influenza and COVID-19 vaccines were the most commonly recognized, while awareness of the pneumococcal vaccine was lower among participants. Experiences and emotional responses were varied. Limited vaccine knowledge was observed among those vaccinated in long-term care facilities or whose vaccinations were managed by family members. Six key barriers were identified: (1) insufficient dissemination of information (2), fear of adverse effects (3), perceived incompatibility with chronic conditions (4), mobility and health-related limitations (5), socioeconomic vulnerability, and (6) migration-specific challenges. Also, four facilitators were noted: (1) proximity of vaccination centers (2), respectful treatment by healthcare personnel (3), strong public campaigns, and (4) improved outreach to migrant communities. Multiple recommendations for improvement of the National Immunization Program emerged.

conclusionThis study revealed that while the national vaccination program is viewed positively, its full potential may be limited by access and information barriers as described by study participants. Participants’ recommendations underscore the need to enhance access to accurate, timely vaccine information, strengthen culturally sensitive service delivery, and promote tailored training for healthcare providers on older people rights and needs.

Indexed as

COVID-19Immunization ProgramsVaccinationAgedAged, 80 and overChileCOVID-19 VaccinesFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansMaleQualitative ResearchTransients and MigrantsCOVID-19 VaccinesAccessChileEvaluationHealth care qualityMeSHOlder peopleQualitative researchTransients and migrantsVaccination

Identifiers

PMID41896758
PMCPMC13147707

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.