Evidence mapPaperPMID 41896992Full record

SynthesisCritical care (London, England)2026

Effects of lactate-based therapies on intracranial pressure and brain metabolism of patients with acute brain injury: a systematic review.

Nekane Romero García, Ana Ruiz Zarco, Alberto Ruiz Pacheco, Sonsoles Úbeda Mata, Jose María Milian, Berta Monleón, Nasara Segura Marín, Mauro Oddo, Pierre Bouzat, Pierluigi Resch and 4 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Critical care (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Nekane Romero García *Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
Ana Ruiz Zarco *Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
Alberto Ruiz PachecoDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, Valencia, 46010, Spain. albertoruizp96@gmail.com.
Sonsoles Úbeda MataDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
Jose María MilianDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
Berta MonleónDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
Nasara Segura MarínDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
Mauro OddoClinical Research Center, Directorate of Innovation and Clinical Research, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Pierre BouzatUniv. Grenoble Alpes. Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France.
Pierluigi ReschService des Soins Intensifs, Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Filippo AnnoniService des Soins Intensifs, Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Fabio Silvio TacconeService des Soins Intensifs, Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Chiara Robba *IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
Rafael Badenes *Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, Valencia, 46010, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSodium lactate–based solutions have been proposed as an alternative to conventional osmotic therapies for intracranial pressure (ICP) control in acute brain injury (ABI). Beyond their osmotic properties, lactate may also act as a cerebral metabolic substrate, although its effects appear context-dependent. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize available data on lactate-based therapies in ABI, focusing on their effects on intracranial dynamics, cerebral metabolism and neurological outcomes to guide future clinical translation.

methodsWe performed a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies evaluating exogenous sodium lactate administration in ABI, including traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, and cardiac arrest. Outcomes of interest included intracranial pressure control, cerebral metabolism, cerebral perfusion and oxygenation, systemic hemodynamics, safety, and functional recovery.

resultsTwelve preclinical and twelve clinical studies were included. Across most models, sodium lactate was effective in reducing ICP and at least as effective and safe as mannitol or hypertonic saline in clinical settings. Several studies reported improved systemic hemodynamic tolerance compared with conventional osmotherapy. Preclinical and clinical metabolic data demonstrated that lactate can be taken up and oxidized by the injured brain; however, metabolic benefits were inconsistent and appeared dependent on preserved oxidative metabolism, baseline metabolic status, timing, and dose. Functional outcome data were limited but suggested potential cognitive and neurological benefits in both experimental and selected clinical settings.

conclusionsSodium lactate is an effective therapy for intracranial hypertension and may offer additional metabolic and systemic advantages in ABI patients under specific conditions. Its metabolic effects appear critically dependent on preserved oxidative capacity, highlighting the need for improved patient selection and the potential role of metabolic monitoring to guide therapy. The impact of lactate-based treatments on meaningful functional outcomes remains uncertain and warrants further investigation in targeted clinical trials.

Indexed as

BrainBrain InjuriesIntracranial PressureLactic AcidSodium LactateAnimalsHumansLactic AcidSodium Lactate

Identifiers

PMID41896992
PMCPMC13147666

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.