Evidence mapPaperPMID 41897410Full record

ArticleBiomolecules2026

Peripheral Oxidation-Inflammation and Immunosenescence in Triple-Transgenic Mice for Alzheimer's Disease (3xTg-AD) at Early Neuropathological Stages of Disease and Decrease of Immune Impairment by Voluntary Exercise.

Mónica De la Fuente, Antonio Garrido, Carmen Vida, Rashed Manassra, Lydia Gimenez-Llort

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Article in Biomolecules, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mónica De la FuenteDepartment of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Antonio GarridoInstitute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3026-3330
Carmen VidaDepartment of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Rashed ManassraDepartment of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Lydia Gimenez-LlortInstitute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-4091-489X

Funding

Complutense University of Madrid 910379
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inflammatory-oxidative stress generated by immune cells plays an important role in aging and in age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Triple-transgenic mice for AD (3xTg-AD) are a suitable model for mimicking this disease in an age-dependent manner. We previously showed that peritoneal leukocyte functions and their redox-inflammatory state are altered early in female 3xTg-AD mice, which exhibit premature aging compared to non-transgenic (NTg) animals. However, their characteristics at 9 months of age, when they present an early neuropathological state, and the sex differences are not known. Here, we analyzed several spleen and thymus leukocyte functions (chemotaxis, natural killer activity, and lymphoproliferation in response to mitogens), pro-inflammatory (IL-1B, TNF-alpha) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) released cytokine concentrations, and redox parameters (glutathione concentrations and glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and xanthine oxidase activities) in male and female 3xTg-AD mice compared to age-matched controls. We also analyzed the effects of voluntary physical exercise on immune functions. Our results show that 9-month-old male and female 3xTg-AD mice have worse immune functions, redox state, and inflammation than NTg counterparts. Physical exercise improves immune function. Thus, accelerated aging reflected by peripheral immunosenescence and oxidation-inflammation in 3xTg-AD mice precedes hallmark neuropathology, and exercise can slow down AD progression.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseImmunosenescenceInflammationPhysical Conditioning, AnimalAnimalsCytokinesDisease Models, AnimalFemaleMaleMiceMice, TransgenicOxidation-ReductionOxidative StressSpleenCytokinesearly neuropathological stateimmunosenescenceoxidation-inflammationphysical exercisetriple-transgenic Alzheimer disease (3xTg-AD) mouse model

Identifiers

PMID41897410
PMCPMC13023923

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.