Evidence mapPaperPMID 41897802Full record

ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Dual-Phase Immunomodulation by the Bovine β-Casein Peptide KEMPFPK: Insights into Potential TLR Interaction and Gut Microbiota-Mediated Effects.

Junpeng Zhang, Xinyu Zhang, Jianping Wu, Guangqing Mu, Xiaomeng Wu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Junpeng ZhangSchool of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
Xinyu ZhangSchool of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
Jianping WuDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-2574-5191
Guangqing MuSchool of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9356-753X
Xiaomeng WuSchool of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China NSFC32372342
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the immunomodulatory effects and underlying mechanisms of KEMPFPK, a peptide derived from bovine β-casein, using integrated in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches. In RAW264.7 macrophages, KEMPFPK enhanced proliferation, phagocytosis, and migration and selectively upregulated the chemokine MCP-1. Under LPS-induced inflammation, KEMPFPK suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and NO production while promoting the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. These effects were mediated through the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Molecular docking predicted high-affinity binding of KEMPFPK to Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4), suggesting a potential mechanism for its immunomodulatory activity. In cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice, KEMPFPK administration restored immune organ indices, rebalanced serum cytokine levels, and modulated humoral immunity. Importantly, KEMPFPK was associated with a significantly reshaped gut microbiota profile, characterized by the promotion of beneficial genera (e.g.,

Indexed as

bovine β-casein-derived peptidegut microbiotaimmunomodulatoryNF-κB/MAPK signalingtoll-like receptor

Identifiers

PMID41897802
PMCPMC13025458

What Socratic holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.