Observational studyInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Under Immunocompromising Treatment.
Observational study in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). By acting on the immune system, disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) can control disease activity, but they indirectly increase susceptibility to infections, so different vaccines are necessary to prevent it. DMTs may potentially affect vaccine-induced seroconversion. We aim to analyse the response to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine (Engerix-B) in relapsing-remitting MS patients (RRMS) using these therapies because the scientific literature remains limited in this area. A retrospective observational study of RRMS patients vaccinated against HBV was conducted. Acquired immunity after vaccination was determined, and an analysis of immunogenicity was conducted based on the type of DMT (immunomodulators/immunosuppressants), vaccine doses, total lymphocyte count (TLC), age, and sex. 200 patients were included, with a mean age 47.79 years, and 140 (70%) were women. A lower vaccine response was observed in patients treated with immunosuppressive DMTs (51.8%,
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