Evidence mapPaperPMID 41898727Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Terpenoid Phytosomes as Advanced Delivery Systems: Molecular Interactions, Pharmacological Potential, and Scalable Manufacturing Approaches.

Shynggys Sergazy, Shyngys Aliakpar, Gulimzhan Adekenova, Khorlan Itzhanova, Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati, Sergazy Adekenov

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In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shynggys SergazyResearch and Production Center Phytochemistry, Gazaliyev Street, Karaganda 100009, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0000-0002-6030-620X
Shyngys AliakparResearch and Production Center Phytochemistry, Gazaliyev Street, Karaganda 100009, Kazakhstan.
Gulimzhan AdekenovaResearch and Production Center Phytochemistry, Gazaliyev Street, Karaganda 100009, Kazakhstan.
Khorlan ItzhanovaSchool of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan.
Orazio Taglialatela-ScafatiDepartment of Pharmacy, University degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8010-0180
Sergazy AdekenovResearch and Production Center Phytochemistry, Gazaliyev Street, Karaganda 100009, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0000-0001-7588-6174

Funding

Science Committee of the Ministry of Higher Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan AP23489904
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Terpenoids represent a large class of bioactive natural compounds with promising pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. However, their clinical application is often limited by poor aqueous solubility, low membrane permeability, and suboptimal bioavailability. Phytosomal delivery systems have emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the pharmacokinetic performance of plant-derived compounds by forming molecular complexes between bioactive molecules and phospholipids. This review critically examines the structural principles, preparation methods, physicochemical characterization, and biological performance of terpenoid phytosomes. Particular attention is given to the molecular interactions between terpenoids and phospholipids that govern complex formation and vesicular assembly. The review also summarizes current analytical techniques used to confirm phytosome formation and discusses the influence of formulation parameters, including phospholipid composition and molar ratios, on stability and biological activity. In addition, emerging insights from molecular modeling and membrane interaction studies are considered to better understand the mechanisms underlying improved drug delivery. Finally, challenges related to safety assessment, manufacturing scalability, and clinical translation of phytosomal systems are discussed. Overall, terpenoid phytosomes represent a promising nanodelivery platform capable of improving the pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic potential of terpenoid compounds.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsPhytosomesTerpenesAnimalsHumansPhospholipidsPhospholipidsPhytosomesTerpenesdrug delivery systemsmolecular complexationnatural productsphospholipidsphytosomesterpenoids

Identifiers

PMID41898727
PMCPMC13026393

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.