Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41899742›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2026

Evaluating Microclimate Modification and Acute Cardiovascular Stress Responses to a Dense Urban Microforest: The Green Oasis (GRO) Protocol.

Rachel Keith, Sean Willis, Natalie Christian, Farzaneh Khayat, Jackie Gallagher, William Scott Gunter, Julia Kachanova, Andrew Mehring, Rachel Pigg, Doris Proctor and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Rachel KeithChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Boulevard, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3877-0636
Sean WillisChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Boulevard, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Natalie ChristianDepartment of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Farzaneh KhayatChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Boulevard, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Jackie GallagherChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Boulevard, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
William Scott GunterDepartment of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-9608-3282
Julia KachanovaDepartment of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Andrew MehringDepartment of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8875-0209
Rachel PiggDepartment of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Doris ProctorDepartment of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Allison E SmithChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Boulevard, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5659-8062
Cameron K StopforthChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Boulevard, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2256-538X
Patrick PiumaChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Boulevard, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-1610-3396
Ted SmithChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Boulevard, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2804-4294
Aruni BhatnagarChristina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Boulevard, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Green Oasis (GRO) Project is a targeted urban greening intervention designed to evaluate the environmental and health impacts of compact, high-density plantings in dense built environments. Initiated in downtown Louisville, the project transformed Founders Square, a 0.64-acre sparsely planted park, into a microforest ("Trager Microforest"), a multilayered planting of 119 trees and more than 200 shrubs. The impact of this intervention is being assessed through a randomized crossover study in which participants walk in the microforest and a nearby impervious parking lot. Physiological outcomes include heart rate, heart rate variability, arterial stiffness, and stress biomarkers measured in saliva, urine, and sweat. Environmental conditions are continuously monitored by fixed and mobile weather stations, air pollution sensors, and biodiversity surveys. Baseline assessments were conducted in 2023 and 2024, with post-planting evaluations now underway (2025-). Power calculations indicate adequate sensitivity (

Indexed as

Conservation of Natural ResourcesMicroclimateStress, PhysiologicalCitiesCross-Over StudiesHeart RateHumansTreescardiovascularclimateheart rate variabilitymicroforeststressurban heat

Identifiers

PMID41899742
PMCPMC13026838

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.